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Abstract

Background

As COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower for cases of the Omicron vs the Delta variant, understanding the effect of vaccination in reducing risk of hospitalisation and severe disease among COVID-19 cases is crucial.

Aim

To evaluate risk reduction of hospitalisation and severe disease in vaccinated COVID-19 cases during the Omicron BA.1-predominant period in Navarre, Spain.

Methods

A case-to-case comparison included COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance data in adults ≥ 18 years from 3 January–20 March 2022. COVID-19 vaccination status was compared between hospitalised and non-hospitalised cases, and between severe (intensive care unit admission or death) and non-severe cases using logistic regression models.

Results

Among 58,952 COVID-19 cases, 565 (1.0%) were hospitalised and 156 (0.3%) were severe. The risk of hospitalisation was reduced within the first 6 months after full COVID-19 vaccination (complete primary series) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.06; 95% CI: 0.04–0.09) and after 6 months (aOR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.12–0.21; p < 0.001), as well as after a booster dose (aOR: 0.06: 95% CI: 0.04–0.07). Similarly, the risk of severe disease was reduced (aOR: 0.13, 0.18, and 0.06, respectively). Compared with cases fully vaccinated 6 months or more before a positive test, those who had received a booster dose had lower risk of hospitalisation (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.28–0.52) and severe disease (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.21–0.68).

Conclusions

Full COVID-19 vaccination greatly reduced the risk of hospitalisation and severe outcomes in COVID-19 cases with the Omicron variant, and a booster dose improved this effect in people aged over 65 years.

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2023-02-02
2024-11-05
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.5.2200337
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Risk reduction of hospitalisation and severe disease in vaccinated COVID-19 cases during the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron BA.1-predominant period, Navarre, Spain, January to March 2022
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Iv%C3%A1n+Mart%C3%ADnez-Baz&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Martínez-Baz Iván</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Camino+Trobajo-Sanmart%C3%ADn&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Trobajo-Sanmartín Camino</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ana+Miqueleiz&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Miqueleiz Ana</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Itziar+Casado&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Casado Itziar</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ana+Navascu%C3%A9s&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Navascués Ana</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Cristina+Burgui&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Burgui Cristina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Carmen+Ezpeleta&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ezpeleta Carmen</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jes%C3%BAs+Castilla&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Castilla Jesús</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Marcela+Guevara&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Guevara Marcela</a>, <a href="/search?value1=the+Working+Group+for+the+Study+of+COVID-19+in+Navarra&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">the Working Group for the Study of COVID-19 in Navarra</a></span>. Risk reduction of hospitalisation and severe disease in vaccinated COVID-19 cases during the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron BA.1-predominant period, Navarre, Spain, January to March 2022. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2023;28(5):pii=2200337. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.5.2200337" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.5.2200337</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 08 Apr 2022;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 12 Sept 2022 </span> </p>
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