1887
Surveillance and outbreak report Open Access
Like 1

Abstract

We analysed 25 years of general practitioner (GP) visits for acute gastroenteritis (AG) surveillance in France, by the GP Sentinelles network. We searched for time trends of acute gastroenteritis incidence during winter periods. Data from emergency departments and drug reimbursement were additional data sources. A time-series analysis was performed using a generalised additive model for all data sources for the winter period. Virological data were incorporated and compared with the three data sources. The cumulative incidence of GP visits for winter AG exhibited an increasing trend from 1991 until 2008, when it reached 6,466 per 100,000 inhabitants. It decreased thereafter to 3,918 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2015. This decreasing trend was observed for all age groups and confirmed by the generalised additive model. For emergency department visits a decreasing trend was observed from 2004. Drug reimbursement data analyses demonstrated a decreasing trend from when data began in 2009. The incidence reported by GPs and emergency departments was lower following the emergence of norovirus GII.4 2012 (p < 0.0001). Winter AG incidences seem to follow long-term rising and decreasing trends that are important to monitor through continuous surveillance to evaluate the impact of prevention strategies, such as future immunisation against acute viral gastroenteritis.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.50.17-00121
2017-12-14
2024-11-21
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.50.17-00121
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/22/50/eurosurv-22-50-4.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.50.17-00121&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Majowicz SE, Hall G, Scallan E, Adak GK, Gauci C, Jones TF, et al. A common, symptom-based case definition for gastroenteritis. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136(7):886-94.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268807009375  PMID: 17686196 
  2. Boschi-Pinto C, Velebit L, Shibuya K. Estimating child mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86(9):710-7.  https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.07.050054  PMID: 18797647 
  3. Van Cauteren D, De Valk H, Vaux S, Le Strat Y, Vaillant V. Burden of acute gastroenteritis and healthcare-seeking behaviour in France: a population-based study. Epidemiol Infect. 2012;140(4):697-705.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268811000999  PMID: 21676346 
  4. Huet F, Chouchane M, Cremillieux C, Aubert M, Caulin E, Pothier P, et al. [Prospective epidemiological study of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Europe (REVEAL study). Results in the French area of the study]. Arch Pediatr. 2008;15(4):362-74.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2008.01.021  PMID: 18396016 
  5. Arena C, Amoros JP, Vaillant V, Ambert-Balay K, Chikhi-Brachet R, Jourdan-Da Silva N, et al. Acute diarrhea in adults consulting a general practitioner in France during winter: incidence, clinical characteristics, management and risk factors. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14(1):574.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-014-0574-4  PMID: 25358721 
  6. Chikhi-Brachet R, Bon F, Toubiana L, Pothier P, Nicolas JC, Flahault A, et al. Virus diversity in a winter epidemic of acute diarrhea in France. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(11):4266-72.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.11.4266-4272.2002  PMID: 12409408 
  7. de Wit MA, Koopmans MP, Kortbeek LM, van Leeuwen NJ, Bartelds AI, van Duynhoven YT. Gastroenteritis in sentinel general practices,The Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7(1):82-91.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0701.010113  PMID: 11266298 
  8. Karsten C, Baumgarte S, Friedrich AW, von Eiff C, Becker K, Wosniok W, et al. Incidence and risk factors for community-acquired acute gastroenteritis in north-west Germany in 2004. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009;28(8):935-43.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-009-0729-1  PMID: 19319582 
  9. World Health Organization (WHO). Global and national estimates of deaths under age five attributable to rotavirus infection: 2004. Geneva: WHO. 31 Mar 2006. Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/estimates/rotavirus/Global_national_estimates_2004_deaths_under_age_five_attributable_to_rotavirus_infection_2004.pdf?ua=1
  10. Parez N, Giaquinto C, Du Roure C, Martinon-Torres F, Spoulou V, Van Damme P, et al. Rotavirus vaccination in Europe: drivers and barriers. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(5):416-25.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70035-0  PMID: 24758998 
  11. Bawa Z, Elliot AJ, Morbey RA, Ladhani S, Cunliffe NA, O’Brien SJ, et al. Assessing the Likely Impact of a Rotavirus Vaccination Program in England: The Contribution of Syndromic Surveillance. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(1):77-85.  https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ264  PMID: 25828997 
  12. Aliabadi N, Tate JE, Haynes AK, Parashar UDCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sustained decrease in laboratory detection of rotavirus after implementation of routine vaccination—United States, 2000-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(13):337-42. PMID: 25856253 
  13. Hahné S, Hooiveld M, Vennema H, van Ginkel A, de Melker H, Wallinga J, et al. Exceptionally low rotavirus incidence in the Netherlands in 2013/14 in the absence of rotavirus vaccination. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(43):20945.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.43.20945  PMID: 25375899 
  14. Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique (HCSP). Avis relatif à la vaccination des nourrissons vis-à-vis des gastroentérites à rotavirus. [Notice regarding vaccination of infants for rotavirus gastroenteritis]. Paris: HCSP; 21 Apr 2015. French. Available from: http://www.hcsp.fr/Explore.cgi/Telecharger?NomFichier=hcspa20150421_rotavirussusprecovaccnourrisson.pdf
  15. Souty C, Turbelin C, Blanchon T, Hanslik T, Le Strat Y, Boëlle PY. Improving disease incidence estimates in primary care surveillance systems. Popul Health Metr. 2014;12(1):19.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-014-0019-8  PMID: 25435814 
  16. Blanchon T. Web-based sentinel provider surveillance network in France. In: M'Ikanatha NM, Lynfield R, Beneden CAV, Valk Hd, editors. Infectious Disease Surveillance: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013. p. 418-25.
  17. Flahault A, Blanchon T, Dorléans Y, Toubiana L, Vibert JF, Valleron AJ. Virtual surveillance of communicable diseases: a 20-year experience in France. Stat Methods Med Res. 2006;15(5):413-21.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280206071639  PMID: 17089946 
  18. Caserio-Schönemann C, Meynard JB. Ten years experience of syndromic surveillance for civil and military public health, France, 2004-2014. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(19):35-8.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.19.21126  PMID: 25990360 
  19. World Health Organization (WHO). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision 2016. Geneva: WHO. [Accessed 2 Feb 2016]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en
  20. Tuppin P, de Roquefeuil L, Weill A, Ricordeau P, Merlière Y. French national health insurance information system and the permanent beneficiaries sample. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2010;58(4):286-90.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2010.04.005  PMID: 20598822 
  21. Bounoure F, Beaudeau P, Mouly D, Skiba M, Lahiani-Skiba M. Syndromic surveillance of acute gastroenteritis based on drug consumption. Epidemiol Infect. 2011;139(9):1388-95.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026881000261X  PMID: 21108871 
  22. Costagliola D, Flahault A, Galinec D, Garnerin P, Menares J, Valleron AJ. A routine tool for detection and assessment of epidemics of influenza-like syndromes in France. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(1):97-9.  https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.81.1.97  PMID: 1983924 
  23. Réseau Sentinelles. Historique des épidémies. [History of epidemics]. Paris: Réseau Sentinelles. [Accessed 02/2016]. French. Available from: http://websenti.u707.jussieu.fr/sentiweb/?page=epidemies
  24. R Development Core Team. A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: the R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2014. Available from: http://www.R-project.org
  25. Haute autorité de santé. (HAS). Commission de la transparence. Avis. RotaTeq. Saint-Denis La Plaine Cedex: HAS; 1 Apr 2015. French. Available from: http://www.has-sante.fr/portail/upload/docs/evamed/CT-13560_ROTATEQ_PIC_INS_Avis3_CT13560.pdf
  26. Pijnacker R, Mughini-Gras L, Vennema H, Duizer E, Pelt W. Marked Decrease in Rotavirus Detections Among Preschool Children Unvaccinated for Rotavirus in the Netherlands, 2014. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016;35(7):809-11.  https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001162  PMID: 27097349 
  27. Météo France. Climat passé et futur - bilans climatiques. [Past and future climate – overall climate]. Saint-Mande Cedex: Météo France; [Accessed 1 Jan 2016]. French. Available from: http://www.meteofrance.fr/climat-passe-et-futur/bilans-climatiques
  28. Siebenga JJ, Vennema H, Zheng DP, Vinjé J, Lee BE, Pang XL, et al. Norovirus illness is a global problem: emergence and spread of norovirus GII.4 variants, 2001-2007. J Infect Dis. 2009;200(5):802-12.  https://doi.org/10.1086/605127  PMID: 19627248 
  29. van Beek J, Ambert-Balay K, Botteldoorn N, Eden JS, Fonager J, Hewitt J, et al. Indications for worldwide increased norovirus activity associated with emergence of a new variant of genotype II.4, late 2012. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(1):8-9. PMID: 23305715 
  30. Bull RA, Eden JS, Rawlinson WD, White PA. Rapid evolution of pandemic noroviruses of the GII.4 lineage. PLoS Pathog. 2010;6(3):e1000831.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000831  PMID: 20360972 
  31. Siebenga JJ, Vennema H, Renckens B, de Bruin E, van der Veer B, Siezen RJ, et al. Epochal evolution of GGII.4 norovirus capsid proteins from 1995 to 2006. J Virol. 2007;81(18):9932-41.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00674-07  PMID: 17609280 
  32. Debbink K, Lindesmith LC, Donaldson EF, Costantini V, Beltramello M, Corti D, et al. Emergence of new pandemic GII.4 Sydney norovirus strain correlates with escape from herd immunity. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(11):1877-87.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit370  PMID: 23908476 
  33. Lee BE, Pang XL. New strains of norovirus and the mystery of viral gastroenteritis epidemics. CMAJ. 2013;185(16):1381-2.  https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.130426  PMID: 24003105 
  34. Leshem E, Wikswo M, Barclay L, Brandt E, Storm W, Salehi E, et al. Effects and clinical significance of GII.4 Sydney norovirus, United States, 2012-2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(8):1231-8.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1908.130458  PMID: 23886013 
  35. Allen DJ, Adams NL, Aladin F, Harris JP, Brown DW. Emergence of the GII-4 Norovirus Sydney2012 strain in England, winter 2012-2013. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88978.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088978  PMID: 24551201 
  36. Hasing ME, Lee BE, Preiksaitis JK, Tellier R, Honish L, Senthilselvan A, et al. Emergence of a new norovirus GII.4 variant and changes in the historical biennial pattern of norovirus outbreak activity in Alberta, Canada, from 2008 to 2013. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(7):2204-11.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00663-13  PMID: 23637302 
  37. Kambhampati A, Payne DC, Costantini V, Lopman BA. Host Genetic Susceptibility to Enteric Viruses: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(1):11-8.  https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ873  PMID: 26508510 
  38. Van Cauteren D, Vaux S, de Valk H, Le Strat Y, Vaillant V, Lévy-Bruhl D. Burden of influenza, healthcare seeking behaviour and hygiene measures during the A(H1N1)2009 pandemic in France: a population based study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):947.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-947  PMID: 23127166 
  39. de Wit MA, Koopmans MP, van Duynhoven YT. Risk factors for norovirus, Sapporo-like virus, and group A rotavirus gastroenteritis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9(12):1563-70.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0912.020076  PMID: 14720397 
  40. Prazuck T, Compte-Nguyen G, Pelat C, Sunder S, Blanchon T. Reducing gastroenteritis occurrences and their consequences in elementary schools with alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010;29(11):994-8. PMID: 21046699 
  41. Base Sniiram (Système National D’Information Inter-Régimes De L’Assurance Maladie). Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés. [French National Health Insurance Fund for Employees]. France: CNAMTS. [Accessed May 2016]. French. Available from: https://www.ameli.fr/l-assurance-maladie/statistiques-et-publications/sniiram/finalites-du-sniiram.php
  42. Pivette M, Mueller JE, Crépey P, Bar-Hen A. Surveillance of gastrointestinal disease in France using drug sales data. Epidemics. 2014;8:1-8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epidem.2014.05.001  PMID: 25240898 
  43. Kirby AE, Streby A, Moe CL. Vomiting as a Symptom and Transmission Risk in Norovirus Illness: Evidence from Human Challenge Studies. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0143759.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143759  PMID: 27116105 
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.50.17-00121
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error