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Abstract

Background

During the 2023/24 influenza season in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses were co-circulating.

Aim

We aimed to describe the circulating influenza viruses by (sub)type, genetic clade, antigenic group and antiviral susceptibility in that season in the EU/EEA.

Methods

We collected surveillance data from EU/EEA countries through weekly submissions to The European Surveillance System (TESSy). Data were submitted in strain-based format for weeks 40/2023 to 9/2024.

Results

Twenty-nine EU/EEA countries reported 154,718 influenza virus detections (primary care sentinel and non-sentinel combined), of which 97% (150,692) were type A and 3% (4,026) were type B. Of the subtyped influenza A viruses, 30,463 (75%) were influenza A(H1)pdm09 and 10,174 (25%) were influenza A(H3). For 809 (20%) of the type B viruses, the lineage was determined; all were B/Victoria/2/87 lineage, and none were B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage. Genetic diversification of seasonal influenza viruses continued, and clade 5a.2a of A(H1N1)pdm09, 2a.3a.1 of A(H3N2) and V1A.3a.2 of B/Victoria-lineage viruses dominated. Of the A(H3N2) 2a.3a.1 viruses, 23% were antigenically distinct from the 2023/24 vaccine virus.

Conclusion

The 2023/24 influenza season was characterised by co-circulation of different influenza (sub)types, antigenically similar to the components recommended for the 2023/24 northern hemisphere vaccine, A/Victoria/4897/2022 (egg-based) and A/Wisconsin/67/2022 (cell culture- or recombinant-based). However, genetic diversification of the viruses continued. The World Health Organization’s vaccine recommendations for the northern hemisphere 2024/25 season were updated to include a new A(H3N2) component, while maintaining the current A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Victoria components.

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2024-12-12
2024-12-19
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Antigenic changes in influenza A(H3N2) driven by genetic evolution: Insights from virological surveillance, EU/EEA, week 40/2023 to week 9/2024
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Eeva+K+Broberg&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Broberg Eeva K</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maja+Vukovikj&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vukovikj Maja</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Olov+Svartstr%C3%B6m&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Svartström Olov</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Iris+Hasibra&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hasibra Iris</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maximilian+Riess&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Riess Maximilian</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Angeliki+Melidou&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Melidou Angeliki</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Members+of+the+ERLI-Net+network&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Members of the ERLI-Net network</a></span>. Antigenic changes in influenza A(H3N2) driven by genetic evolution: Insights from virological surveillance, EU/EEA, week 40/2023 to week 9/2024. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2024;29(50):pii=2400395. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400395" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400395</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 19 Jun 2024;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 07 Oct 2024 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400395
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.50.2400395
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