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Abstract

Background

Since 1996, epidemiological surveillance of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Spain has been limited to seasonal influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and potential pandemic viruses The COVID-19 pandemic provides opportunities to adapt existing systems for extended surveillance to capture a broader range of ARI.

Aim

To describe how the Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System of Castilla y León, Spain was rapidly adapted in 2020 to comprehensive sentinel surveillance for ARI, including influenza and COVID-19.

Methods

Using principles and methods of the health sentinel network, we integrated electronic medical record data from 68 basic surveillance units, covering 2.6% of the regional population between January 2020 to May 2022. We tested sentinel and non-sentinel samples sent weekly to the laboratory network for SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses and other respiratory pathogens. The moving epidemic method (MEM) was used to calculate epidemic thresholds.

Results

ARI incidence was estimated at 18,942 cases per 100,000 in 2020/21 and 45,223 in 2021/22, with similar seasonal fold increases by type of respiratory disease. Incidence of influenza-like illness was negligible in 2020/21 but a 5-week epidemic was detected by MEM in 2021/22. Epidemic thresholds for ARI and COVID-19 were estimated at 459.4 and 191.3 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. More than 5,000 samples were tested against a panel of respiratory viruses in 2021/22.

Conclusion

Extracting data from electronic medical records reported by trained professionals, combined with a standardised microbiological information system, is a feasible and useful method to adapt influenza sentinel reports to comprehensive ARI surveillance in the post-COVID-19 era.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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2023-05-25
2024-12-20
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Comprehensive surveillance of acute respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: a methodological approach using sentinel networks, Castilla y León, Spain, January 2020 to May 2022
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Tom%C3%A1s+Vega-Alonso&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vega-Alonso Tomás</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jose+Eugenio+Lozano-Alonso&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Lozano-Alonso Jose Eugenio</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ana+Ordax-D%C3%ADez&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ordax-Díez Ana</a>, <a href="/search?value1=on+behalf+of+the+VIGIRA+Research+Group&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">on behalf of the VIGIRA Research Group</a></span>. Comprehensive surveillance of acute respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: a methodological approach using sentinel networks, Castilla y León, Spain, January 2020 to May 2022. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2023;28(21):pii=2200638. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.21.2200638" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.21.2200638</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 05 Aug 2022;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 14 Feb 2023 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.21.2200638
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.21.2200638
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