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Abstract

Introduction

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread rapidly worldwide. In January 2020, a surveillance system was implemented in France for early detection of cases and their contacts to help limit secondary transmissions.

Aim

To use contact-tracing data collected during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic to better characterise SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Methods

We analysed data collected during contact tracing and retrospective epidemiological investigations in France from 24 January to 30 March 2020. We assessed the secondary clinical attack rate and characterised the risk of a contact becoming a case. We described chains of transmission and estimated key parameters of spread.

Results

During the study period, 6,082 contacts of 735 confirmed cases were traced. The overall secondary clinical attack rate was 4.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6–4.6), increasing with age of index case and contact. Compared with co-workers/friends, family contacts were at higher risk of becoming cases (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.0) and nosocomial contacts were at lower risk (AOR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7). Of 328 infector/infectee pairs, 49% were family members. The distribution of secondary cases was highly over-dispersed: 80% of secondary cases were caused by 10% of cases. The mean serial interval was 5.1 days (interquartile range (IQR): 2–8 days) in contact tracing pairs, where late transmission events may be censored, and 6.8 (3–8) days in pairs investigated retrospectively.

Conclusion

This study increases knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including the importance of superspreading events during the onset of the pandemic.

© Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.6.2001953
2022-02-10
2024-12-21
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.6.2001953
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Early chains of transmission of COVID-19 in France, January to March 2020
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Juliette+Paireau&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Paireau Juliette</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Alexandra+Mailles&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Mailles Alexandra</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Catherine+Eisenhauer&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Eisenhauer Catherine</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Franck+de+Laval&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">de Laval Franck</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Fran%C3%A7ois+Delon&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Delon François</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Paolo+Bosetti&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Bosetti Paolo</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Henrik+Salje&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Salje Henrik</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Val%C3%A9rie+Ponti%C3%A8s&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pontiès Valérie</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Simon+Cauchemez&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Cauchemez Simon</a></span>. Early chains of transmission of COVID-19 in France, January to March 2020. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2022;27(6):pii=2001953. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.6.2001953" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.6.2001953</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 15 Nov 2020;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 23 May 2021 </span> </p>
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