Re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe after easing the COVID-19 lockdown, September 2021

Kimberley SM Benschop; Jan Albert; Andres Anton; Cristina Andrés; Maitane Aranzamendi; Brynja Armannsdóttir; Jean-Luc Bailly; Fausto Baldanti; Guðrún Erna Baldvinsdóttir; Stuart Beard; Natasa Berginc; Sindy Böttcher; Soile Blomqvist; Laura Bubba; Cristina Calvo; Maria Cabrerizo; Annalisa Cavallero; Cristina Celma; Ferruccio Ceriotti; Inês Costa; Simon Cottrell; Margarita del Cuerpo; Jonathan Dean; Jennifer L Dembinski; Sabine Diedrich; Javier Diez-Domingo; DagnyHaug Dorenberg; Erwin Duizer; Robert Dyrdak; Diana Fanti; Agnes Farkas; Susan Feeney; Jacky Flipse; Cillian De Gascun; Cristina Galli; Irina Georgieva; Laura Gifford; Raquel Guiomar; Mario Hönemann; Niina Ikonen; Marion Jeannoël; Laurence Josset; Kathrin Keeren; F Xavier López-Labrador; Melanie Maier; James McKenna; Adam Meijer; Beatriz Mengual-Chuliá; Sofie E Midgley; Audrey Mirand; Milagrosa Montes; Catherine Moore; Ursula Morley; Jean-Luc Murk; Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb; Sanela Numanovic; Massimo Oggioni; Paula Palminha; Elena Pariani; Laura Pellegrinelli; Antonio Piralla; Corinna Pietsch; Luis Piñeiro; Núria Rabella; Petra Rainetova; Sara Colonia Uceda Renteria; María P Romero; Marijke Reynders; Lieuwe Roorda; Carita Savolainen-Kopra; Isabelle Schuffenecker; Aysa Soynova; Caroline MA Swanink; Tina Ursic; Jaco J Verweij; Jorgina Vila; Tytti Vuorinen; Peter Simmonds; Thea K Fischer; Heli Harvala

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.45.2100998

Rapid communication Open Access

Like 0

Download

Re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe after easing the COVID-19 lockdown, September 2021
Kimberley SM Benschop¹ , Jan Albert^2,3 , Andres Anton⁴ , Cristina Andrés⁴ , Maitane Aranzamendi⁵ , Brynja Armannsdóttir⁶ , Jean-Luc Bailly^7,8 , Fausto Baldanti^9,10 , Guðrún Erna Baldvinsdóttir⁶ , Stuart Beard¹¹ , Natasa Berginc¹² , Sindy Böttcher¹³ , Soile Blomqvist¹⁴ , Laura Bubba¹⁵ , Cristina Calvo¹⁶ , Maria Cabrerizo¹⁷ , Annalisa Cavallero¹⁸ , Cristina Celma¹¹ , Ferruccio Ceriotti¹⁹ , Inês Costa²⁰ , Simon Cottrell²¹ , Margarita del Cuerpo²² , Jonathan Dean²³ , Jennifer L Dembinski²⁴ , Sabine Diedrich¹³ , Javier Diez-Domingo²⁵ , DagnyHaug Dorenberg²⁴ , Erwin Duizer¹ , Robert Dyrdak^2,3 , Diana Fanti²⁶ , Agnes Farkas²⁷ , Susan Feeney²⁸ , Jacky Flipse²⁹ , Cillian De Gascun²³ , Cristina Galli¹⁵ , Irina Georgieva³⁰ , Laura Gifford²¹ , Raquel Guiomar²⁰ , Mario Hönemann³¹ , Niina Ikonen¹⁴ , Marion Jeannoël³² , Laurence Josset³² , Kathrin Keeren³³ , F Xavier López-Labrador^25,34 , Melanie Maier³¹ , James McKenna²⁸ , Adam Meijer¹ , Beatriz Mengual-Chuliá²⁵ , Sofie E Midgley³⁵ , Audrey Mirand^7,8 , Milagrosa Montes⁵ , Catherine Moore²¹ , Ursula Morley²³ , Jean-Luc Murk³⁶ , Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb³⁰ , Sanela Numanovic²⁴ , Massimo Oggioni¹⁹ , Paula Palminha²⁰ , Elena Pariani¹⁵ , Laura Pellegrinelli¹⁵ , Antonio Piralla⁹ , Corinna Pietsch³¹ , Luis Piñeiro⁵ , Núria Rabella²² , Petra Rainetova³⁷ , Sara Colonia Uceda Renteria¹⁹ , María P Romero¹⁵ , Marijke Reynders³⁷ , Lieuwe Roorda³⁹ , Carita Savolainen-Kopra¹⁴ , Isabelle Schuffenecker³² , Aysa Soynova³⁰ , Caroline MA Swanink²⁹ , Tina Ursic⁴⁰ , Jaco J Verweij³⁶ , Jorgina Vila⁴¹ , Tytti Vuorinen⁴² , Peter Simmonds⁴³ , Thea K Fischer^44,45,* , Heli Harvala^46,47,*
View Affiliations Hide Affiliations

Affiliations: ¹ Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands ² Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden ³ Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ⁴ Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain ⁵ Microbiology Department, Donostia University Hospital and Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain ⁶ Landspitali-National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland ⁷ CHU Clermont-Ferrand, National Reference Centre for enteroviruses and parechoviruses – Associated laboratory, Clermont-Ferrand, France ⁸ Université d’Auvergne, LMGE UMR CNRS 6023, Equipe EPIE - Epidémiologie et physiopathologie des infections à entérovirus, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France ⁹ Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Italy ¹⁰ Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy ¹¹ UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, United Kingdom ¹² National laboratory of health, environment and food, Laboratory for public health virology, Ljubljana, Slovenia ¹³ National Reference Center for Poliomyelitis and Enteroviruses, Robert-Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany ¹⁴ National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland ¹⁵ Department of Biomedical Sciences of Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy ¹⁶ Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain ¹⁷ National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Enterovirus and Viral Gastroenteritis Unit/Polio National Lab, Madrid, Spain ¹⁸ Laboratory of Microbiology, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza (MB), Italy ¹⁹ Virology Unit, Division of Clinical Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy ²⁰ National Institute of Health (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal ²¹ Public Health Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom ²² Microbiology Department Hospital Universitari de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ²³ National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ²⁴ Department of Virology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway ²⁵ Center for Public Health Research (FISABIO-Public Health), Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain ²⁶ Chemical-clinical and Microbiological Analyses, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy ²⁷ National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary ²⁸ Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (BHSCT, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom ²⁹ Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Rijnstate, Velp, the Netherlands ³⁰ National Reference Laboratory for Enteroviruses, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria ³¹ Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ³² National Reference Center for Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France ³³ Secretary of the commission for Polio Eradication in Germany, Robert-Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany ³⁴ CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain ³⁵ The Danish WHO National Reference Laboratory for Poliovirus, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark ³⁶ Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands ³⁷ National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic ³⁸ Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, AZ St.Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Bruges, Belgium ³⁹ Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands ⁴⁰ Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia ⁴¹ Pediatric Hospitalization Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain ⁴² Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ⁴³ University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom ⁴⁴ University of Sothern Denmark, Odense, Denmark ⁴⁵ Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark ⁴⁶ NHS Blood and Transplant, Microbiology Services, Colindale, United Kingdom ⁴⁷ University College London (UCL), Department of infection and Immunity, London, United Kingdom

* These authors contributed equally and share last authorship.
Correspondence:
Kimberley S.M. Benschop
kim.benschop rivm.nl
View Citation Hide Citation

Citation style for this article: Benschop Kimberley SM, Albert Jan, Anton Andres, Andrés Cristina, Aranzamendi Maitane, Armannsdóttir Brynja, Bailly Jean-Luc, Baldanti Fausto, Baldvinsdóttir Guðrún Erna, Beard Stuart, Berginc Natasa, Böttcher Sindy, Blomqvist Soile, Bubba Laura, Calvo Cristina, Cabrerizo Maria, Cavallero Annalisa, Celma Cristina, Ceriotti Ferruccio, Costa Inês, Cottrell Simon, del Cuerpo Margarita, Dean Jonathan, Dembinski Jennifer L, Diedrich Sabine, Diez-Domingo Javier, Dorenberg DagnyHaug, Duizer Erwin, Dyrdak Robert, Fanti Diana, Farkas Agnes, Feeney Susan, Flipse Jacky, De Gascun Cillian, Galli Cristina, Georgieva Irina, Gifford Laura, Guiomar Raquel, Hönemann Mario, Ikonen Niina, Jeannoël Marion, Josset Laurence, Keeren Kathrin, López-Labrador F Xavier, Maier Melanie, McKenna James, Meijer Adam, Mengual-Chuliá Beatriz, Midgley Sofie E, Mirand Audrey, Montes Milagrosa, Moore Catherine, Morley Ursula, Murk Jean-Luc, Nikolaeva-Glomb Lubomira, Numanovic Sanela, Oggioni Massimo, Palminha Paula, Pariani Elena, Pellegrinelli Laura, Piralla Antonio, Pietsch Corinna, Piñeiro Luis, Rabella Núria, Rainetova Petra, Uceda Renteria Sara Colonia, Romero María P, Reynders Marijke, Roorda Lieuwe, Savolainen-Kopra Carita, Schuffenecker Isabelle, Soynova Aysa, Swanink Caroline MA, Ursic Tina, Verweij Jaco J, Vila Jorgina, Vuorinen Tytti, Simmonds Peter, Fischer Thea K, Harvala Heli. Re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe after easing the COVID-19 lockdown, September 2021. Euro Surveill. 2021;26(45):pii=2100998. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.45.2100998 Received: 21 Oct 2021; Accepted: 09 Nov 2021

Abstract

We report a rapid increase in enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections, with 139 cases reported from eight European countries between 31 July and 14 October 2021. This upsurge is in line with the seasonality of EV-D68 and was presumably stimulated by the widespread reopening after COVID-19 lockdown. Most cases were identified in September, but more are to be expected in the coming months. Reinforcement of clinical awareness, diagnostic capacities and surveillance of EV-D68 is urgently needed in Europe.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.45.2100998

2021-11-11

2024-11-19

Click here for cited by

http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.45.2100998

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/26/45/eurosurv-26-45-3.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.45.2100998&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

Aliabadi N, Messacar K, Pastula DM, Robinson CC, Leshem E, Sejvar JJ, et al. Enterovirus D68 Infection in Children with Acute Flaccid Myelitis, Colorado, USA, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(8):1387-94. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2208.151949 PMID: 27434186
Midgley CM, Watson JT, Nix WA, Curns AT, Rogers SL, Brown BA, et al. Severe respiratory illness associated with a nationwide outbreak of enterovirus D68 in the USA (2014): a descriptive epidemiological investigation. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3(11):879-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00335-5 PMID: 26482320
Kramer R, Sabatier M, Wirth T, Pichon M, Lina B, Schuffenecker I, et al. Molecular diversity and biennial circulation of enterovirus D68: a systematic screening study in Lyon, France, 2010 to 2016. Euro Surveill. 2018;23(37):1700711. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.37.1700711 PMID: 30229724
Holm-Hansen CC, Midgley SE, Fischer TK. Global emergence of enterovirus D68: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(5):e64-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00543-5 PMID: 26929196
Cottrell S, Moore C, Perry M, Hilvers E, Williams C, Shankar AG. Prospective enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) surveillance from September 2015 to November 2018 indicates a current wave of activity in Wales. Euro Surveill. 2018;23(46):1800578. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.46.1800578 PMID: 30458915
Meijer A, van der Sanden S, Snijders BE, Jaramillo-Gutierrez G, Bont L, van der Ent CK, et al. Emergence and epidemic occurrence of enterovirus 68 respiratory infections in The Netherlands in 2010. Virology. 2012;423(1):49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2011.11.021 PMID: 22177700
Midgley SE, Benschop K, Dyrdak R, Mirand A, Bailly JL, Bierbaum S, et al. Co-circulation of multiple enterovirus D68 subclades, including a novel B3 cluster, across Europe in a season of expected low prevalence, 2019/20. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(2):1900749. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.2.1900749 PMID: 31964463
Harvala H, Jasir A, Penttinen P, Pastore Celentano L, Greco D, Broberg E. Surveillance and laboratory detection for non-polio enteroviruses in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2016. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(45):16-00807. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.45.16-00807 PMID: 29162204
Harvala H, Broberg E, Benschop K, Berginc N, Ladhani S, Susi P, et al. Recommendations for enterovirus diagnostics and characterisation within and beyond Europe. J Clin Virol. 2018;101:11-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2018.01.008 PMID: 29414181
Bubba L, Broberg E, Jasir A, Simmonds P, Participants ES, Harvala H. Circulation of non-polioviruses in 24 EU/EAA countries between 2015 and 2017 - is it time to consider systematic surveillance? Lancet Infect Dis. 2019. Forthcoming.
van Summeren J, Meijer A, Aspelund G, Casalegno JS, Erna G, Hoang U, et al. Low levels of respiratory syncytial virus activity in Europe during the 2020/21 season: what can we expect in the coming summer and autumn/winter? Euro Surveill. 2021;26(29):2100639. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.29.2100639 PMID: 34296672
von Hammerstein AL, Aebi C, Barbey F, Berger C, Buettcher M, Casaulta C, et al. Interseasonal RSV infections in Switzerland - rapid establishment of a clinician-led national reporting system (RSV EpiCH). Swiss Med Wkly. 2021;151:w30057. PMID: 34499459
Poelman R, Schuffenecker I, Van Leer-Buter C, Josset L, Niesters HG, Lina BEuropean surveillance for enterovirus D68 during the emerging North-American outbreak in 2014. J Clin Virol. 2015;71:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.296 PMID: 26364237
Benschop KSM, Broberg EK, Hodcroft E, Schmitz D, Albert J, Baicus A, et al. Molecular epidemiology and evolutionary trajectory of emerging echovirus 30, Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(6):1616-26. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2706.203096 PMID: 34013874
Harvala H, Benschop KSM, Berginc N, Midgley S, Wolthers K, Simmonds P, et al. European non-polio enterovirus network: introduction of hospital-based surveillance network to understand the true disease burden of non-polio enterovirus and parechovirus infections in Europe. Microorganisms. 2021;9(9):1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091827 PMID: 34576722
Fischer TK, Simmonds P, Harvala H. The importance of enterovirus surveillance in a post-polio world. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;S1473-3099(20)30852-5. PMID: 34265258
Knoester M, Helfferich J, Poelman R, Van Leer-Buter C, Brouwer OF, Niesters HGM. Twenty-nine cases of enterovirus-D68-associated acute flaccid myelitis in Europe 2016: A case series and epidemiologic overview. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019;38(1):16-21. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000002188 PMID: 30234793
Kirolos A, Mark K, Shetty J, Chinchankar N, Mcdougall C, Eunson P, et al. Outcome of paediatric acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus D68: a case series. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2019;61(3):376-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14096 PMID: 30417347
Yea C, Bitnun A, Robinson J, Mineyko A, Barton M, Mah JK, et al. Longitudinal outcomes in the 2014 acute flaccid paralysis cluster in Canada. J Child Neurol. 2017;32(3):301-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073816680770 PMID: 28193112
Aubart M, Gitiaux C, Roux CJ, Levy R, Schuffenecker I, Mirand A, et al. Severe acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus in children: two phenotypes for two evolution profiles? Front Neurol. 2020;11:343. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00343 PMID: 32411086

Re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe after easing the COVID-19 lockdown, September 2021

Citation style for this article: <a href="/search?value1=Kimberley+SM+Benschop&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Benschop Kimberley SM</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jan+Albert&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Albert Jan</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Andres+Anton&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Anton Andres</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Cristina+Andr%C3%A9s&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Andrés Cristina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maitane+Aranzamendi&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Aranzamendi Maitane</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Brynja+Armannsd%C3%B3ttir&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Armannsdóttir Brynja</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jean-Luc+Bailly&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Bailly Jean-Luc</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Fausto+Baldanti&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Baldanti Fausto</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Gu%C3%B0r%C3%BAn+Erna+Baldvinsd%C3%B3ttir&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Baldvinsdóttir Guðrún Erna</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Stuart+Beard&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Beard Stuart</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Natasa+Berginc&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Berginc Natasa</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sindy+B%C3%B6ttcher&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Böttcher Sindy</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Soile+Blomqvist&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Blomqvist Soile</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Laura+Bubba&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Bubba Laura</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Cristina+Calvo&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Calvo Cristina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maria+Cabrerizo&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Cabrerizo Maria</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Annalisa+Cavallero&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Cavallero Annalisa</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Cristina+Celma&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Celma Cristina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ferruccio+Ceriotti&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ceriotti Ferruccio</a>, <a href="/search?value1=In%C3%AAs+Costa&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Costa Inês</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Simon+Cottrell&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Cottrell Simon</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Margarita+del+Cuerpo&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">del Cuerpo Margarita</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jonathan+Dean&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Dean Jonathan</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jennifer+L+Dembinski&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Dembinski Jennifer L</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sabine+Diedrich&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Diedrich Sabine</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Javier+Diez-Domingo&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Diez-Domingo Javier</a>, <a href="/search?value1=DagnyHaug+Dorenberg&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Dorenberg DagnyHaug</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Erwin+Duizer&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Duizer Erwin</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Robert+Dyrdak&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Dyrdak Robert</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Diana+Fanti&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Fanti Diana</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Agnes+Farkas&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Farkas Agnes</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Susan+Feeney&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Feeney Susan</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jacky+Flipse&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Flipse Jacky</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Cillian+De+Gascun&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">De Gascun Cillian</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Cristina+Galli&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Galli Cristina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Irina+Georgieva&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Georgieva Irina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Laura+Gifford&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Gifford Laura</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Raquel+Guiomar&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Guiomar Raquel</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Mario+H%C3%B6nemann&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hönemann Mario</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Niina+Ikonen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ikonen Niina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Marion+Jeanno%C3%ABl&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Jeannoël Marion</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Laurence+Josset&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Josset Laurence</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Kathrin+Keeren&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Keeren Kathrin</a>, <a href="/search?value1=F+Xavier+L%C3%B3pez-Labrador&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">López-Labrador F Xavier</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Melanie+Maier&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Maier Melanie</a>, <a href="/search?value1=James+McKenna&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">McKenna James</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Adam+Meijer&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Meijer Adam</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Beatriz+Mengual-Chuli%C3%A1&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Mengual-Chuliá Beatriz</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sofie+E+Midgley&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Midgley Sofie E</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Audrey+Mirand&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Mirand Audrey</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Milagrosa+Montes&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Montes Milagrosa</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Catherine+Moore&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Moore Catherine</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ursula+Morley&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Morley Ursula</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jean-Luc+Murk&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Murk Jean-Luc</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Lubomira+Nikolaeva-Glomb&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Nikolaeva-Glomb Lubomira</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sanela+Numanovic&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Numanovic Sanela</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Massimo+Oggioni&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Oggioni Massimo</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Paula+Palminha&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Palminha Paula</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Elena+Pariani&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pariani Elena</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Laura+Pellegrinelli&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pellegrinelli Laura</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Antonio+Piralla&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Piralla Antonio</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Corinna+Pietsch&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pietsch Corinna</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Luis+Pi%C3%B1eiro&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Piñeiro Luis</a>, <a href="/search?value1=N%C3%BAria+Rabella&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Rabella Núria</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Petra+Rainetova&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Rainetova Petra</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sara+Colonia+Uceda+Renteria&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Uceda Renteria Sara Colonia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Mar%C3%ADa+P+Romero&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Romero María P</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Marijke+Reynders&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Reynders Marijke</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Lieuwe+Roorda&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Roorda Lieuwe</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Carita+Savolainen-Kopra&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Savolainen-Kopra Carita</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Isabelle+Schuffenecker&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Schuffenecker Isabelle</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Aysa+Soynova&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Soynova Aysa</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Caroline+MA+Swanink&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Swanink Caroline MA</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Tina+Ursic&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ursic Tina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jaco+J+Verweij&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Verweij Jaco J</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jorgina+Vila&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vila Jorgina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Tytti+Vuorinen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vuorinen Tytti</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Peter+Simmonds&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Simmonds Peter</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Thea+K+Fischer&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Fischer Thea K</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Heli+Harvala&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Harvala Heli</a>. Re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe after easing the COVID-19 lockdown, September 2021. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2021;26(45):pii=2100998. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.45.2100998" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.45.2100998</a> Received: 21 Oct 2021;   Accepted: 09 Nov 2021

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.45.2100998

Data & Media loading...

Supplementary data

Download
- Supplement

Submit comment

Comment moderation successfully completed

Re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe after easing the COVID-19 lockdown, September 2021

Abstract

Click here for cited by

Supplementary data

Supplement