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Spotlight influenza: Laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza in people with acute respiratory illness: a literature review and meta-analysis, WHO European Region, 2004 to 2017
- Sara Belazi1 , Sonja J Olsen2 , Caroline Brown2 , Helen K Green3 , Piers Mook2 , Jonathan Nguyen-Van-Tam1 , Pasi Penttinen4 , Louise Lansbury1
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1 Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom 2 WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark 3 Public Health England, London, United Kingdom 4 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, SwedenLouise LansburyLouise.Lansbury nottingham.ac.uk
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Citation style for this article: Belazi Sara, Olsen Sonja J, Brown Caroline, Green Helen K, Mook Piers, Nguyen-Van-Tam Jonathan, Penttinen Pasi, Lansbury Louise. Spotlight influenza: Laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza in people with acute respiratory illness: a literature review and meta-analysis, WHO European Region, 2004 to 2017. Euro Surveill. 2021;26(39):pii=2000343. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.39.2000343 Received: 13 Mar 2020; Accepted: 08 Dec 2020
Abstract
Across the World Health Organization European Region, there are few estimates of the proportion of people seeking medical care for influenza-like illness or acute respiratory infections and who have laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza infection.
We conducted a meta-analysis of data extracted from studies published between 2004 and 2017 and from sentinel data from the European surveillance system (TESSy) between 2004 and 2018. We pooled within-season estimates by influenza type/subtype, setting (outpatient (OP)/inpatient (IP)) and age group to estimate the proportion of people tested who have laboratory-confirmed and medically-attended seasonal influenza in Europe.
In the literature review, the pooled proportion for all influenza types was 33% (95% confidence interval (CI): 30–36), higher among OP 36% (95% CI: 33–40) than IP 24% (95% CI: 20–29). Pooled estimates for all influenza types by age group were: 0–17 years, 26% (22–31); 18–64 years, 41% (32–50); ≥ 65 years, 33% (27–40). From TESSy data, 33% (31–34) of OP and 24% (21–27) of IP were positive. The highest proportion of influenza A was in people aged 18–64 years (22%, 16–29). By subtype, A(H1N1)pdm09 was highest in 18–64 year-olds (16%, 11–21%) whereas A(H3N2) was highest in those ≥ 65 years (10%, 2–22). For influenza B, the highest proportion of infections was in those aged 18–64 years (15%, 9–24).
Laboratory-confirmed influenza accounted for approximately one third of all acute respiratory infections for which medical care was sought during the influenza season.
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