Repeated leftover serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, Greece, March and April 2020

Zacharoula Bogogiannidou; Alexandros Vontas; Katerina Dadouli; Maria A Kyritsi; Soteris Soteriades; Dimitrios J Nikoulis; Varvara Α Mouchtouri; Michalis Koureas; Evangelos I Kazakos; Emmanouil G Spanos; Georgia Gioula; Evangelia E Ntzani; Alexandros A Eleftheriou; Alkiviadis Vatopoulos; Efthimia Petinaki; Vassiliki Papaevangelou; Matthaios Speletas; Sotirios Tsiodras; Christos Hadjichristodoulou

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.31.2001369

Rapid communication Open Access

Like 0

Download

Repeated leftover serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, Greece, March and April 2020
Zacharoula Bogogiannidou¹ , Alexandros Vontas¹ , Katerina Dadouli¹ , Maria A Kyritsi¹ , Soteris Soteriades¹ , Dimitrios J Nikoulis¹ , Varvara Α Mouchtouri¹ , Michalis Koureas¹ , Evangelos I Kazakos² , Emmanouil G Spanos¹ , Georgia Gioula³ , Evangelia E Ntzani^4,5,6 , Alexandros A Eleftheriou⁴ , Alkiviadis Vatopoulos⁷ , Efthimia Petinaki⁸ , Vassiliki Papaevangelou⁹ , Matthaios Speletas¹⁰ , Sotirios Tsiodras¹¹ , Christos Hadjichristodoulou¹
View Affiliations Hide Affiliations

Affiliations: ¹ Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece ² Faculty of Midwifery, School of Health Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece ³ National Influenza Reference Laboratory for Northern Greece, Microbiology Department, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece ⁴ Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Faculty of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece ⁵ Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, United States ⁶ Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of loannina, Ioannina, Greece ⁷ Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece ⁸ Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece ⁹ Third Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece ¹⁰ Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece ¹¹ Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece

Correspondence:
Christos Hadjichristodoulou
xhatzi uth.gr
View Citation Hide Citation

Citation style for this article: Bogogiannidou Zacharoula, Vontas Alexandros, Dadouli Katerina, Kyritsi Maria A, Soteriades Soteris, Nikoulis Dimitrios J, Mouchtouri Varvara Α, Koureas Michalis, Kazakos Evangelos I, Spanos Emmanouil G, Gioula Georgia, Ntzani Evangelia E, Eleftheriou Alexandros A, Vatopoulos Alkiviadis , Petinaki Efthimia, Papaevangelou Vassiliki, Speletas Matthaios, Tsiodras Sotirios, Hadjichristodoulou Christos. Repeated leftover serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, Greece, March and April 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(31):pii=2001369. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.31.2001369 Received: 12 Jul 2020; Accepted: 03 Aug 2020

Abstract

A serosurvey of IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was performed during March and April 2020. Among 6,586 leftover sera, 24 (0.36%) were positive, with higher prevalence in females, older individuals and residents of large urban areas. Seroprevalence was estimated at 0.02% and 0.25%, respectively, in March and April, infection fatality rate at 2.66% and 0.54%. Our findings confirm low COVID-19 incidence in Greece and possibly the effectiveness of early measures.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.31.2001369

2020-08-06

2024-11-19

Click here for cited by

http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.31.2001369

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/25/31/eurosurv-25-31-2.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.31.2001369&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

Greek Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs. 10-03-20 Προσωρινή απαγόρευση της εκπαιδευτικής λειτουργίας όλων των εκπαιδευτικών δομών [Temporary ban on the operation of all educational structures].Athens: Greek Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs; 10 Mar 2020. Greek. Available from: https://www.minedu.gov.gr/news/44308-10-03-20-prosorini-apagorefsi-tis-ekpaideftikis-leitourgias-olon-ton-ekpaideftikon-domon
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA). Coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak in the EU Fundamental Rights Implications. Vienna: FRA; 23 Mar 2020. Available from: https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/greece-report-covid-19-april-2020_en.pdf
National Public Health Organization (NPHO). Hμερήσια έκθεση επιδημιολογικής επιτήρησηςλοίμωξης από το νέο κορωνοϊό (COVID-19) Δεδομένα έως 30 Aπριλίου 2020. [Daily report of epidemiological surveillance of new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Data until 30 April 2020]. Marousi: NPHO; 2020. Greek. Available from: https://eody.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/covid-gr-daily-report-20200430.pdf
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). COVID-19 situation update for the EU/EEA and the UK, as of 11 July 2020. Stockholm: ECDC; 2020. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/cases-2019-ncov-eueea
Nardone A, Miller E, ESEN2 Group. Serological surveillance of rubella in Europe: European Sero-Epidemiology Network (ESEN2). Euro Surveill. 2004;9(4):5-7. https://doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.04.00456-en PMID: 15192256
Naing NN. Easy way to learn standardization : direct and indirect methods. Malays J Med Sci. 2000;7(1):10-5. PMID: 22844209
Bendavid E, Mulaney B, Sood N, Shah S, Ling E, Bromley-Dulfano R, et al. COVID-19 antibody seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, California. medRxiv 2020.04.14.20062463. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20062463
MacMahon B, Trichopoulos D. Epidemiology: principles and methods: Boston: Little, Brown and Company; 1996.
Diggle PJ. Estimating prevalence using an imperfect test. Epidemiol Res Int. 2011;2011:608719. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/608719
Campbell I. Chi-squared and Fisher-Irwin tests of two-by-two tables with small sample recommendations. Stat Med. 2007;26(19):3661-75. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2832 PMID: 17315184
Our World in Data. Daily COVID-19 tests per thousand people -Greece Oxford: University of Oxford; 2020. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-testing#greece
World Health Organization (WHO). Population-based age-stratified seroepidemiological investigation protocol for COVID-19 virus infection, 17 March 2020. Geneva: WHO; 2020. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331656
Pollán M, Pérez-Gómez B, Pastor-Barriuso R, Oteo J, Hernán MA, Pérez-Olmeda M, et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study. Lancet. 2020.
Stringhini S, Wisniak A, Piumatti G, Azman AS, Lauer SA, Baysson H, et al. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Geneva, Switzerland (SEROCoV-POP): a population-based study. Lancet. 2020;S0140-6736(20)31304-0. Ahead of print.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). COVID-19 surveillance report. Stockholm: ECDC; 2020. [Accessed: 10 July 2020]. Available from: https://covid19-surveillance-report.ecdc.europa.eu/#age-sex-pyramids
World Health Organization (WHO). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions. Geneva: WHO; 9 Jul 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/transmission-of-sars-cov-2-implications-for-infection-prevention-precautions

Repeated leftover serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, Greece, March and April 2020

Citation style for this article: <a href="/search?value1=Zacharoula+Bogogiannidou&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Bogogiannidou Zacharoula</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Alexandros+Vontas&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vontas Alexandros</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Katerina+Dadouli&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Dadouli Katerina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maria+A+Kyritsi&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Kyritsi Maria A</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Soteris+Soteriades&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Soteriades Soteris</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Dimitrios+J+Nikoulis&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Nikoulis Dimitrios J</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Varvara+%CE%91+Mouchtouri&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Mouchtouri Varvara Α</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Michalis+Koureas&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Koureas Michalis</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Evangelos+I+Kazakos&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Kazakos Evangelos I</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Emmanouil+G+Spanos&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Spanos Emmanouil G</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Georgia+Gioula&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Gioula Georgia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Evangelia+E+Ntzani&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ntzani Evangelia E</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Alexandros+A+Eleftheriou&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Eleftheriou Alexandros A</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Alkiviadis++Vatopoulos&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vatopoulos Alkiviadis </a>, <a href="/search?value1=Efthimia+Petinaki&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Petinaki Efthimia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Vassiliki+Papaevangelou&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Papaevangelou Vassiliki</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Matthaios+Speletas&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Speletas Matthaios</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sotirios+Tsiodras&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Tsiodras Sotirios</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Christos+Hadjichristodoulou&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hadjichristodoulou Christos</a>. Repeated leftover serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, Greece, March and April 2020. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2020;25(31):pii=2001369. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.31.2001369" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.31.2001369</a> Received: 12 Jul 2020;   Accepted: 03 Aug 2020

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.31.2001369

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment

Comment moderation successfully completed

Submit your article here

Submit an Article

Repeated leftover serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, Greece, March and April 2020

Abstract

Click here for cited by