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Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in Cyprus 2004 to 2018
- Maria Koliou1,2 , Diamanto Kasapi1 , Stella Mazeri3,4 , Panagiota Maikanti5 , Anna Demetriou6 , Chrystalla Skordi7 , Maria Agathocleous8 , Georgina Tzanakaki9 , Elisavet Constantinou10
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1 Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus 2 Unit for Surveillance and control of Communicable diseases, Medical and Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus 3 The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 4 The Roslin Institute, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, United Kingdom 5 Department of Microbiology, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus 6 Health Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus 7 Larnaca General Hospital, Larnaca, Cyprus 8 Paediatric Department, Limassol General Hospital, Limassol, Cyprus 9 National Meningitis Reference Laboratory, Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece 10 Medical and Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Nicosia, CyprusMaria G. Kolioukoliou-mazeri.maria ucy.ac.cy
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Citation style for this article: Koliou Maria, Kasapi Diamanto, Mazeri Stella, Maikanti Panagiota, Demetriou Anna, Skordi Chrystalla, Agathocleous Maria, Tzanakaki Georgina, Constantinou Elisavet. Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in Cyprus 2004 to 2018. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(30):pii=1900534. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.30.1900534 Received: 17 Aug 2019; Accepted: 10 Jan 2020
Abstract
Despite progress in the management of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) it causes significant mortality and sequelae.
This study aims to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of IMD in Cyprus and discuss the current immunisation programmes.
This is a retrospective study of all cases of IMD notified to the Ministry of Health between 2004 and 2018. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data were collected when a new case was notified. Risk factors associated with mortality were investigated using univariable logistic regression.
54 cases of IMD were recorded, an overall incidence of 0.4 cases per 100,000 population. The incidence rate was highest among infants (7.2/100,000) and adolescents (1.4/100,000). Case fatality rate was 10.4%. Serogroup B accounted for 24 of 40 cases caused by known serogroup. Serogroups W and Y comprised nine cases and were responsible for most fatal cases. Serogroup C was the cause in only four cases. There was an increase in the odds of death with increasing age, while the presence of meningitis in the clinical picture was found to be associated with lower odds of death.
Despite the low incidence of IMD in Cyprus, it remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Serogroup B is the most frequent serogroup, while incidence of serogroups W and Y is rising. Monitoring new cases and yearly evaluation of the immunisation programmes by the National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) is essential for successful control of the disease.
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