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Active surveillance of acute paediatric hospitalisations demonstrates the impact of vaccination programmes and informs vaccine policy in Canada and Australia
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Karina A Top1,2,3
, Kristine Macartney3,4,5 , Julie A Bettinger6 , Ben Tan7 , Christopher C Blyth8 , Helen S Marshall9 , Wendy Vaudry10 , Scott A Halperin1,2 , Peter McIntyre4,5 , on behalf of the IMPACT and PAEDS investigators11
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1 Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada 2 Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada 3 These authors contributed equally 4 National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance and The Children’s Hospital Westmead, Sydney, Australia 5 Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 6 University of British Columbia and Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada 7 University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada 8 Telethon Kids Institute and School of Medicine, University of Western Australia and Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Australia 9 Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide and VIRTU Women’s and Children’s Health Network, Adelaide, Australia 10 University of Alberta, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Canada 11 The IMPACT and PAEDS investigators are acknowledged at the end of this articleKarina A Topkarina.top dal.ca, Kristine MacartneyKristine.macartney health.nsw.gov.au
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Citation style for this article: Top Karina A, Macartney Kristine, Bettinger Julie A, Tan Ben, Blyth Christopher C, Marshall Helen S, Vaudry Wendy, Halperin Scott A, McIntyre Peter, on behalf of the IMPACT and PAEDS investigators. Active surveillance of acute paediatric hospitalisations demonstrates the impact of vaccination programmes and informs vaccine policy in Canada and Australia. Euro Surveill. 2020;25(25):pii=1900562. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.25.1900562 Received: 06 Sept 2019; Accepted: 11 May 2020
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Abstract
Sentinel surveillance of acute hospitalisations in response to infectious disease emergencies such as the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic is well described, but recognition of its potential to supplement routine public health surveillance and provide scalability for emergency responses has been limited. We summarise the achievements of two national paediatric hospital surveillance networks relevant to vaccine programmes and emerging infectious diseases in Canada (Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active; IMPACT from 1991) and Australia (Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance; PAEDS from 2007) and discuss opportunities and challenges in applying their model to other contexts. Both networks were established to enhance capacity to measure vaccine preventable disease burden, vaccine programme impact, and safety, with their scope occasionally being increased with emerging infectious diseases’ surveillance. Their active surveillance has increased data accuracy and utility for syndromic conditions (e.g. encephalitis), pathogen-specific diseases (e.g. pertussis, rotavirus, influenza), and adverse events following immunisation (e.g. febrile seizure), enabled correlation of biological specimens with clinical context and supported responses to emerging infections (e.g. pandemic influenza, parechovirus, COVID-19). The demonstrated long-term value of continuous, rather than incident-related, operation of these networks in strengthening routine surveillance, bridging research gaps, and providing scalable public health response, supports their applicability to other countries.
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