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Abstract

Background

In 2005 in England, universal Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination of school-age children was replaced by targeted BCG vaccination of high-risk neonates.

Aim

Estimate the impact of the 2005 change in BCG policy on tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates in England.

Methods

We conducted an observational study by combining notifications from the Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance system, with demographic data from the Labour Force Survey to construct retrospective cohorts relevant to both the universal and targeted vaccination between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2010. We then estimated incidence rates over a 5-year follow-up period and used regression modelling to estimate the impact of the change in policy on TB.

Results

In the non-United Kingdom (UK) born, we found evidence for an association between a reduction in incidence rates and the change in BCG policy (school-age incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.74; 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.61 to 0.88 and neonatal IRR: 0.62; 95%CrI: 0.44 to 0.88). We found some evidence that the change in policy was associated with an increase in incidence rates in the UK born school-age population (IRR: 1.08; 95%CrI: 0.97 to 1.19) and weaker evidence of an association with a reduction in incidence rates in UK born neonates (IRR: 0.96; 95%CrI: 0.82 to 1.14). Overall, we found that the change in policy was associated with directly preventing 385 (95%CrI: −105 to 881) cases.

Conclusions

Withdrawing universal vaccination at school age and targeting vaccination towards high-risk neonates was associated with reduced incidence of TB. This was largely driven by reductions in the non-UK born with cases increasing in the UK born.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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2019-12-05
2024-11-21
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.49.1900220
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Estimating the effect of the 2005 change in BCG policy in England: a retrospective cohort study, 2000 to 2015
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Sam+Abbott&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Abbott Sam</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Hannah+Christensen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Christensen Hannah</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Nicky+J.+Welton&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Welton Nicky J.</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ellen+Brooks-Pollock&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Brooks-Pollock Ellen</a></span>. Estimating the effect of the 2005 change in BCG policy in England: a retrospective cohort study, 2000 to 2015. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2019;24(49):pii=1900220. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.49.1900220" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.49.1900220</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 01 Apr 2019;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 19 Nov 2019 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.49.1900220
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.49.1900220
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