Update of Clostridium difficile-associated disease due to PCR ribotype 027 in Europe

E J Kuijper; B Coignard; J S Brazier; C Suetens; D Drudy; C Wiuff; H Pituch; P Reichert; F Schneider; A F Widmer; K EP Olsen; F Allerberger; D W Notermans; F Barbut; M Delmée; M Wilcox; A Pearson; B Patel; D J Brown; R Frei; T Akerlund; I R Poxton; Peet Tüll

doi:10.2807/esm.12.06.00714-en

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Update of Clostridium difficile-associated disease due to PCR ribotype 027 in Europe
E J Kuijper¹ , B Coignard² , J S Brazier³ , C Suetens⁴ , D Drudy⁵ , C Wiuff⁶ , H Pituch⁷ , P Reichert⁸ , F Schneider⁹ , A F Widmer¹⁰ , K EP Olsen¹¹ , F Allerberger¹² , D W Notermans¹³ , F Barbut¹⁴ , M Delmée¹⁵ , M Wilcox¹⁶ , A Pearson¹⁷ , B Patel¹⁷ , D J Brown¹⁸ , R Frei¹⁹ , T Akerlund²⁰ , I R Poxton²¹ , Peet Tüll²²
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Affiliations: ¹ Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Ear Nose and Throat diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden ² Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France, au nom des membres du comité éditorial d’Eurosurveillance ³ Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service of Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom ⁴ Epidemiology section, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium ⁵ Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ⁶ Health Protection Scotland, Section for Healthcare-Associated Infection and Infection Control, Glasgow, United Kingdom ⁷ Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Poland ⁸ National Health Laboratory , Luxembourg ⁹ Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg ¹⁰ Division of Infectious diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland ¹¹ Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark ¹² Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH, Institut für Veterinärmedizinische Untersuchungen, Mödling, Austria ¹³ Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands ¹⁴ Microbiology Laboratory and Infection Control Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France ¹⁵ Microbiology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium ¹⁶ Clostridium difficile Ribotyping Network for England (CDRNE), Microbiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom ¹⁷ Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom ¹⁸ Scottish Salmonella Reference Laboratory (SSRL), Glasgow, Scotland ¹⁹ Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland ²⁰ SMI, Solna, Sweden ²¹ Medical Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland ²² European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden

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EJ Kuijper
e.j.kuijper lumc.nl
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Citation style for this article: Kuijper E J, Coignard B, Brazier J S, Suetens C, Drudy D, Wiuff C, Pituch H, Reichert P, Schneider F, Widmer A F, Olsen K EP, Allerberger F, Notermans D W, Barbut F, Delmée M, Wilcox M, Pearson A, Patel B, Brown D J, Frei R, Akerlund T, Poxton I R, Tüll Peet. Update of Clostridium difficile-associated disease due to PCR ribotype 027 in Europe. Euro Surveill. 2007;12(6):pii=714. https://doi.org/10.2807/esm.12.06.00714-en

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Abstract

Recent outbreaks of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) with increased severity, high relapse rate and significant mortality have been related to the emergence of a new, hypervirulent C. difficile strain in North America, Japan and Europe. Definitions have been proposed by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) to identify severe cases of CDAD and to differentiate community-acquired cases from nosocomial CDAD (http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/documents/pdf/Cl_dif_v2.pdf). CDAD is mainly known as a healthcare-associated disease, but it is also increasingly recognised as a community-associated disease. The emerging strain is referred to as North American pulsed-field type 1 (NAP1) and PCR ribotype 027. Since 2005, individual countries have developed surveillance studies to monitor the spread of this strain. C. difficile type 027 has caused outbreaks in England and Wales, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France, and has also been detected in Austria, Scotland, Switzerland, Poland and Denmark. Preliminary data indicated that type 027 was already present in historical isolates collected in Sweden between 1997 and 2001.