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Abstract

Background

Hepatitis E, a viral hepatitis caused mainly by the ingestion of raw or undercooked food, is not a notifiable disease in Spain.

Aim

To analyse the temporal trends, epidemiological characteristics and factors associated with severe disease from hepatitis E hospitalisations in Spain from 1997 to 2019.

Methods

Hospitalisation records were obtained from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. Temporal trends and seasonality were analysed by Poisson regression in years 1997–2015 and 2016–19, given changes in hospital discharge databases. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with severe disease.

Results

Hepatitis E hospitalisation incidence increased from 0.22 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants in 1997 to a maximum of 2.95 in 2018. Seasonality was observed during 2016–19 period, with more cases in the second and third quarters of the year. The incidence was higher in men vs women, and in the population aged over 40 years. Factors independently associated with death were age ≥ 50 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.43), chronic liver disease (aOR: 4.29), HIV infection (aOR: 3.00) and hepatitis B/C (aOR: 2.11).

Conclusions

Hepatitis E hospitalisations have increased in Spain in recent years, being more severe in cases with older age, chronic hepatic diseases and HIV infection. A greater incidence in men over 40 years and a possible seasonality were observed. Further studies are needed to assess the seasonality, geographical distribution and impact of the disease to guide public health actions for prevention and control.

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2024-10-24
2024-12-12
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.43.2400118
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Increasing trends in hepatitis E hospitalisations in Spain, 1997 to 2019
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Mar%C3%ADa+Guerrero-Vadillo&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Guerrero-Vadillo María</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Marina+Pe%C3%B1uelas&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Peñuelas Marina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Roc%C3%ADo+Carmona&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Carmona Rocío</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Inmaculada+Le%C3%B3n-G%C3%B3mez&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">León-Gómez Inmaculada</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Carmen+Varela&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Varela Carmen</a></span>. Increasing trends in hepatitis E hospitalisations in Spain, 1997 to 2019. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2024;29(43):pii=2400118. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.43.2400118" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.43.2400118</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 20 Feb 2024;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 16 Jul 2024 </span> </p>
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