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Abstract

Background

Over a 3-week period in late June/early July 2023, Poland experienced an outbreak caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus in cats.

Aim

This study aimed to characterise the identified virus and investigate possible sources of infection.

Methods

We performed next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of detected viruses in cats.

Results

We sampled 46 cats, and 25 tested positive for avian influenza virus. The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype CH (H5N1 A/Eurasian wigeon/Netherlands/3/2022-like). In Poland, this genotype was responsible for several poultry outbreaks between December 2022 and January 2023 and has been identified only sporadically since February 2023. Viruses from cats were very similar to each other, indicating one common source of infection. In addition, the most closely related virus was detected in a dead white stork in early June. Influenza A(H5N1) viruses from cats possessed two amino acid substitutions in the PB2 protein (526R and 627K) which are two molecular markers of virus adaptation in mammals. The virus detected in the white stork presented one of those mutations (627K), which suggests that the virus that had spilled over to cats was already partially adapted to mammalian species.

Conclusion

The scale of HPAI H5N1 virus infection in cats in Poland is worrying. One of the possible sources seems to be poultry meat, but to date no such meat has been identified with certainty. Surveillance should be stepped up on poultry, but also on certain species of farmed mammals kept close to infected poultry farms.

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A corrected article has been published for this content:
Authors’ correction for Euro Surveill. 2023;28(31)
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2023-08-03
2024-12-21
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Outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in cats, Poland, June to July 2023
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Katarzyna+Doma%C5%84ska-Blicharz&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Domańska-Blicharz Katarzyna</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Edyta+%C5%9Awi%C4%99to%C5%84&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Świętoń Edyta</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Agnieszka+%C5%9Awi%C4%85talska&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Świątalska Agnieszka</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Isabella+Monne&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Monne Isabella</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Alice+Fusaro&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Fusaro Alice</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Karolina+Tarasiuk&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Tarasiuk Karolina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Krzysztof+Wyrostek&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Wyrostek Krzysztof</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Natalia+Sty%C5%9B-Fijo%C5%82&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Styś-Fijoł Natalia</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Aleksandra+Giza&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Giza Aleksandra</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Marta+Pietruk&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pietruk Marta</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Bianca+Zecchin&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Zecchin Bianca</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ambra+Pastori&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pastori Ambra</a>, <a href="/search?value1=%C5%81ukasz+Adaszek&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Adaszek Łukasz</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ma%C5%82gorzata+Pomorska-M%C3%B3l&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Grzegorz+Tomczyk&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Tomczyk Grzegorz</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Calogero+Terregino&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Terregino Calogero</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Stanis%C5%82aw+Winiarczyk&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Winiarczyk Stanisław</a></span>. Outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in cats, Poland, June to July 2023. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2023;28(31):pii=2300366. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.31.2300366" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.31.2300366</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 14 Jul 2023;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 27 Jul 2023 </span> </p>
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