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Abstract

In early May 2022, a global outbreak of mpox started among persons without travel history to regions known to be enzootic for monkeypox virus (MPXV). On 8 August 2022, the Netherlands reported its 1,000th mpox case, representing a cumulative incidence of 55 per million population, one of the highest cumulative incidences worldwide. We describe characteristics of the first 1,000 mpox cases in the Netherlands, reported between 20 May and 8 August 2022, within the context of the public health response. These cases were predominantly men who have sex with men aged 31–45 years. The vast majority of infections were acquired through sexual contact with casual partners in private or recreational settings including LGBTQIA+ venues in the Netherlands. This indicates that, although some larger upsurges occurred from point-source and/or travel-related events, the outbreak was mainly characterised by sustained transmission within the Netherlands. In addition, we estimated the protective effect of first-generation smallpox vaccine against moderate/severe mpox and found a vaccine effectiveness of 58% (95% CI: 17–78%), suggesting moderate protection against moderate/severe mpox symptoms on top of any possible protection by this vaccine against MPXV infection and disease. Communication with and supporting the at-risk population in following mitigation measures remains essential.

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/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.12.2200772
2023-03-23
2024-11-24
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.12.2200772
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Mpox outbreak in the Netherlands, 2022: public health response, characteristics of the first 1,000 cases and protection of the first-generation smallpox vaccine
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Catharina+E+van+Ewijk&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van Ewijk Catharina E</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Fuminari+Miura&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Miura Fuminari</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Gini+van+Rijckevorsel&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van Rijckevorsel Gini</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Henry+JC+de+Vries&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">de Vries Henry JC</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Matthijs+RA+Welkers&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Welkers Matthijs RA</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Oda+E+van+den+Berg&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van den Berg Oda E</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ingrid+HM+Friesema&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Friesema Ingrid HM</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Patrick+R+van+den+Berg&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van den Berg Patrick R</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Thomas+Dalhuisen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Dalhuisen Thomas</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jacco+Wallinga&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Wallinga Jacco</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Diederik+Brandwagt&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Brandwagt Diederik</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Brigitte+AGL+van+Cleef&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van Cleef Brigitte AGL</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Harry+Vennema&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vennema Harry</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Bettie+Voordouw&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Voordouw Bettie</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Marion+Koopmans&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Koopmans Marion</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Annemiek+A+van+der+Eijk&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van der Eijk Annemiek A</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Corien+M+Swaan&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Swaan Corien M</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Margreet+JM+te+Wierik&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">te Wierik Margreet JM</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Tjalling+Leenstra&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Leenstra Tjalling</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Eline+Op+de+Coul&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Op de Coul Eline</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Eelco+Franz&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Franz Eelco</a>, <a href="/search?value1=the+Dutch+Mpox+Response+Team&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">the Dutch Mpox Response Team</a></span>. Mpox outbreak in the Netherlands, 2022: public health response, characteristics of the first 1,000 cases and protection of the first-generation smallpox vaccine. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2023;28(12):pii=2200772. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.12.2200772" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.12.2200772</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 29 Sept 2022;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 17 Jan 2023 </span> </p>
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