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Abstract

Background

Interventions to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic may impact other respiratory diseases.

Aims

We aimed to study the course of pertussis in France over an 8-year period including the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with COVID-19 mitigation strategies, using multiple nationwide data sources and regression models.

Methods

We analysed the number of French pertussis cases between 2013 and 2020, using PCR test results from nationwide outpatient laboratories (Source 1) and a network of the paediatric wards from 41 hospitals (Source 2). We also used reports of a national primary care paediatric network (Source 3). We conducted a quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis, relying on negative binomial regression models. The models accounted for seasonality, long-term cycles and secular trend, and included a binary variable for the first national lockdown (start 16 March 2020).

Results

We identified 19,039 pertussis cases from these data sources. Pertussis cases decreased significantly following the implementation of mitigation measures, with adjusted incidence rate ratios of 0.10 (95% CI: 0.04–0.26) and 0.22 (95% CI: 0.07–0.66) for Source 1 and Source 2, respectively. The association was confirmed in Source 3 with a median of, respectively, one (IQR: 0–2) and 0 cases (IQR: 0–0) per month before and after lockdown (p = 0.0048).

Conclusions

The strong reduction in outpatient and hospitalised pertussis cases suggests an impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on pertussis epidemiology. Pertussis vaccination recommendations should be followed carefully, and disease monitoring should be continued to detect any resurgence after relaxation of mitigation measures.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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2022-06-23
2024-12-26
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.25.2100933
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Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and pertussis derived from multiple nationwide data sources, France, 2013 to 2020
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Soraya+Matczak&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Matczak Soraya</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Corinne+Levy&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Levy Corinne</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Camille+Fortas&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Fortas Camille</a>, <a href="/search?value1=J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie+F+Cohen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Cohen Jérémie F</a>, <a href="/search?value1=St%C3%A9phane+B%C3%A9chet&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Béchet Stéphane</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Fatima+A%C3%AFt+El+Belghiti&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Aït El Belghiti Fatima</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sophie+Guillot&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Guillot Sophie</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sabine+Trombert-Paolantoni&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Trombert-Paolantoni Sabine</a>, <a href="/search?value1=V%C3%A9ronique+Jacomo&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Jacomo Véronique</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Yann+Savitch&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Savitch Yann</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Juliette+Paireau&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Paireau Juliette</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sylvain+Brisse&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Brisse Sylvain</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Nicole+Guiso&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Guiso Nicole</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Daniel+L%C3%A9vy-Bruhl&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Lévy-Bruhl Daniel</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Robert+Cohen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Cohen Robert</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Julie+Toubiana&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Toubiana Julie</a></span>. Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and pertussis derived from multiple nationwide data sources, France, 2013 to 2020. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2022;27(25):pii=2100933. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.25.2100933" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.25.2100933</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 17 Sept 2021;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 18 Feb 2022 </span> </p>
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/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.25.2100933
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