1887
  1. Home
  2. Eurosurveillance
  3. Volume 26, Issue 7, 18/Feb/2021
  4. Article
Rapid communication Open Access
Like 0
Download

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of physical distancing and school reopening in Brussels between August and November 2020, we monitored changes in the number of reported contacts per SARS-CoV-2 case and associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The second COVID-19 pandemic wave in Brussels was the result of increased social contact across all ages following school reopening. Physical distancing measures including closure of bars and restaurants, and limiting close contacts, while primary and secondary schools remained open, reduced social mixing and controlled SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

© Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.7.2100065
2021-02-18
2024-12-27
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.7.2100065
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/26/7/eurosurv-26-7-1.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.7.2100065&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Global Change Data Lab (GCDL). Cumulative confirmed COVID-19 deaths and cases, Feb 16, 2021. Oxford: GCDL. [Accessed: Feb 2020]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cumulative-deaths-and-cases-covid-19?tab=map&stackMode=absolute&time=latest&country=~BEL&region=World
  2. Directorate General Statistics - Statistics Belgium (Statbel). Structure of the population. Brussels: Statbel. Accessed: Feb 2020]. Available from: https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/structure-population
  3. Cori A, Ferguson NM, Fraser C, Cauchemez S. A new framework and software to estimate time-varying reproduction numbers during epidemics. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(9):1505-12.  https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt133  PMID: 24043437 
  4. Zhu Y, Bloxham CJ, Hulme KD, Sinclair JE, Tong ZWM, Steele LE, et al. A meta-analysis on the role of children in SARS-CoV-2 in household transmission clusters. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;ciaa1825.  https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1825  PMID: 33283240 
  5. Baggio S, L’Huillier AG, Yerly S, Bellon M, Wagner N, Rohr M, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load in the upper respiratory tract of children and adults with early acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2020;ciaa1157.  https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1157  PMID: 32761228 
  6. Bi Q, Wu Y, Mei S, Ye C, Zou X, Zhang Z, et al. Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(8):911-9.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30287-5  PMID: 32353347 
  7. Zhang J, Litvinova M, Liang Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhao S, et al. Changes in contact patterns shape the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Science. 2020;368(6498):1481-6.
  8. Viner RM, Mytton OT, Bonell C, Melendez-Torres GJ, Ward J, Hudson L, et al. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adolescents compared with adults. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(2):143-56.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.4573  PMID: 32975552 
  9. Munday JD, Sherratt K, Meakin S, Endo A, B Pearson CA, Hellewell J, et al. Implications of the school-household network structure on SARS-CoV-2 transmission under different school reopening strategies in England. medRxiv. 2020; 2020.08.21.20167965. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.21.20167965 
  10. Davies NG, Klepac P, Liu Y, Prem K, Jit M, Eggo RM. Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics. Nat Med. 2020;26:1205-11.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0962-9 
  11. Sun K, Wang W, Gao L, Wang Y, Luo K, Ren L, et al. Transmission heterogeneities, kinetics, and controllability of SARS-CoV-2. Science. 2020;371(6526):eabe2424.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe2424 
  12. Davis S, Trapman P, Leirs H, Begon M, Heesterbeek JAP. The abundance threshold for plague as a critical percolation phenomenon. Nature. 2008;454(7204):634-7.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07053  PMID: 18668107 
  13. Coletti P, Wambua J, Gimma A, Willem L, Vercruysse S, Vanhoutte B, et al. CoMix: comparing mixing patterns in the Belgian population during and after lockdown. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):21885.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78540-7  PMID: 33318521 
  14. Rai B, Shukla A, Dwivedi LK. Estimates of serial interval for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021;9:157-61.
Reducing contacts to stop SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the second pandemic wave in Brussels, Belgium, August to November 2020
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Brecht+Ingelbeen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ingelbeen Brecht</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Laur%C3%A8ne+Peckeu&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Peckeu Laurène</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Marie+Laga&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Laga Marie</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ilona+Hendrix&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hendrix Ilona</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Inge+Neven&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Neven Inge</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Marianne+AB+van+der+Sande&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van der Sande Marianne AB</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Esther+van+Kleef&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van Kleef Esther</a></span>. Reducing contacts to stop SARS-CoV-2 transmission during the second pandemic wave in Brussels, Belgium, August to November 2020. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2021;26(7):pii=2100065. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.7.2100065" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.7.2100065</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 19 Jan 2021;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 17 Feb 2021 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.7.2100065
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.7.2100065
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplementary data

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error