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Abstract

Background

Intensive care units (ICU) constitute a high-risk setting for antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Aim

We aimed to describe secular AMR trends including meticillin-resistant (MRSA), glycopeptide-resistant (GRE), extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESCR-EC) and (ESCR-KP), carbapenem-resistant (CRE) and (CRPA) from Swiss ICU. We assessed time trends of antibiotic consumption and identified factors associated with CRE and CRPA.

Methods

We analysed patient isolate and antibiotic consumption data of Swiss ICU sent to the Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance (2009–2018). Time trends were assessed using linear logistic regression; a mixed-effects logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with CRE and CRPA.

Results

Among 52 ICU, MRSA decreased from 14% to 6% (p = 0.005; n = 6,465); GRE increased from 1% to 3% (p = 0.011; n = 4,776). ESCR-EC and ESCR-KP increased from 7% to 15% (p < 0.001, n = 10,648) and 5% to 11% (p = 0.002; n = 4,052), respectively. CRE, mostly spp., increased from 1% to 5% (p = 0.008; n = 17,987); CRPA remained stable at 27% (p = 0.759; n = 4,185). Antibiotic consumption in 58 ICU increased from 2009 to 2013 (82.5 to 97.4 defined daily doses (DDD)/100 bed-days) and declined until 2018 (78.3 DDD/100 bed-days). Total institutional antibiotic consumption was associated with detection of CRE in multivariable analysis (odds ratio per DDD: 1.01; 95% confidence interval: 1.0–1.02; p = 0.004).

Discussion

In Swiss ICU, antibiotic-resistant have been steadily increasing over the last decade. The emergence of CRE, associated with institutional antibiotic consumption, is of particular concern and calls for reinforced surveillance and antibiotic stewardship in this setting.

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2021-11-18
2024-11-21
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Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in intensive care units, Switzerland, 2009 to 2018
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Stefanie+Barnsteiner&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Barnsteiner Stefanie</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Florent+Baty&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Baty Florent</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Werner+C+Albrich&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Albrich Werner C</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Baharak+Babouee+Flury&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Babouee Flury Baharak</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Michael+Gasser&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Gasser Michael</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Catherine+Pl%C3%BCss-Suard&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Plüss-Suard Catherine</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Matthias+Schlegel&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Schlegel Matthias</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Andreas+Kronenberg&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Kronenberg Andreas</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Philipp+Kohler&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Kohler Philipp</a>, <a href="/search?value1=on+behalf+of+the+Swiss+Centre+for+Antibiotic+Resistance+%28ANRESIS%29&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">on behalf of the Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance (ANRESIS)</a></span>. Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in intensive care units, Switzerland, 2009 to 2018. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2021;26(46):pii=2001537. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.46.2001537" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.46.2001537</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 12 Aug 2020;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 19 Aug 2021 </span> </p>
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