1887
  1. Home
  2. Eurosurveillance
  3. Volume 26, Issue 40, 07/Oct/2021
  4. Article
Research Open Access
Like 0
Download

Abstract

Background

The occupational risk of COVID-19 may be different in the first versus second epidemic wave.

Aim

To study whether employees in occupations that typically entail close contact with others were at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalisation during the first and second epidemic wave before and after 18 July 2020, in Norway.

Methods

We included individuals in occupations working with patients, children, students, or customers using Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) codes. We compared residents (3,559,694 on 1 January 2020) in such occupations aged 20–70 years (mean: 44.1; standard deviation: 14.3 years; 51% men) to age-matched individuals in other professions using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, birth country and marital status.

Results

Nurses, physicians, dentists and physiotherapists had 2–3.5 times the odds of COVID-19 during the first wave when compared with others of working age. In the second wave, bartenders, waiters, food counter attendants, transport conductors, travel stewards, childcare workers, preschool and primary school teachers had ca 1.25–2 times the odds of infection. Bus, tram and taxi drivers had an increased odds of infection in both waves (odds ratio: 1.2–2.1). Occupation was of limited relevance for the odds of severe infection, here studied as hospitalisation with the disease.

Conclusion

Our findings from the entire Norwegian population may be of relevance to national and regional authorities in handling the epidemic. Also, we provide a knowledge foundation for more targeted future studies of lockdowns and disease control measures.

© Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Closure
A corrected article has been published for this content:
Erratum for Euro Surveill. 2021;26(40)
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.40.2001875
2021-10-07
2024-11-22
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.40.2001875
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/26/40/eurosurv-26-40-4.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.40.2001875&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). COVID-19 Ukerapport: 11 2020. [COVID-19 weekly report: week 11, 2020]. Oslo: NIPH; 2020. Norwegian. Available from: https://www.fhi.no/contentassets/8a971e7b0a3c4a06bdbf381ab52e6157/vedlegg/forste-halvar-2020/2020-03-19-ukerapport-covid-19.pdf
  2. Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). COVID-19 Ukerapport: 20 2020. [COVID-19 weekly report: week 20, 2020]. Oslo: NIPH; 2020. Norwegian. Available from: https://www.fhi.no/contentassets/8a971e7b0a3c4a06bdbf381ab52e6157/vedlegg/forste-halvar-2020/2020.05.20-ukerapport-uke-20-covid-19.pdf
  3. Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). COVID-19 Ukerapport: 30 2020. [COVID-19 weekly report: week 30, 2020]. Oslo: NIPH; 2020. Norwegian. Available from: https://www.fhi.no/contentassets/8a971e7b0a3c4a06bdbf381ab52e6157/vedlegg/andre-halvar-2020/2020.07.29-ukerapport-covid-19-uke-30-forenklet-rapport_4.pdf
  4. Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). COVID-19 Ukerapport: 35 2020. [COVID-19 weekly report: week 35, 2020]. Oslo: NIPH; 2020. Norwegian. Available from: https://www.fhi.no/contentassets/8a971e7b0a3c4a06bdbf381ab52e6157/vedlegg/andre-halvar-2020/2020-09-02-ukerapport-uke-35-covid-19.pdf
  5. Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). COVID-19 Ukerapport: 40 2020. [COVID-19 weekly report: week 40, 2020]. Oslo: NIPH; 2020. Norwegian. Available from: https://www.fhi.no/contentassets/8a971e7b0a3c4a06bdbf381ab52e6157/vedlegg/andre-halvar-2020/2020.10.07-ukerapport-uke-40-covid-19.pdf
  6. Koh D. Occupational risks for COVID-19 infection. Occup Med (Lond). 2020;70(1):3-5.  https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa036  PMID: 32107548 
  7. Mutambudzi M, Niedzwiedz C, Macdonald EB, Leyland A, Mair F, Anderson J, et al. Occupation and risk of severe COVID-19: prospective cohort study of 120 075 UK Biobank participants. Occup Environ Med. 2021;78(5):307-14.  https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106731  PMID: 33298533 
  8. Office for National Statistics. Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by occupation, England and Wales: deaths registered between 9 March and 25 May 2020. London: United Kingdom government; 2020. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/causesofdeath/bulletins/coronaviruscovid19relateddeathsbyoccupationenglandandwales/deathsregisteredbetween9marchand25may2020
  9. Sunnee B, Maria B, Siddartha A, Sven D, Gunnar A, Eleonora M. Deaths in the frontline: Occupation-specific COVID-19 mortality risks in Sweden. Stockholm Research Reports in Demography. Stockholm: Stockholm University; 2020. Preprint.  https://doi.org/10.17045/sthlmuni.12816065.v2 
  10. Xu S, Li Y. Beware of the second wave of COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395(10233):1321-2.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30845-X  PMID: 32277876 
  11. Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH). Beredskapsregisteret for covid-19. [Emergency preparedness register for COVID-19 (Beredt C19)]. Oslo: NIPH; 2020. Norwegian. Available from: https://www.fhi.no/sv/smittsomme-sykdommer/corona/norsk-beredskapsregister-for-covid-19/
  12. Statistics Norway. Standard for yrkesklassifisering 08 (STYRK-08). [Classification of occupations 08 (STYRK-08)]. Oslo: Statistics Norway; 2020. Norwegian. Available from: https://www.ssb.no/klass/klassifikasjoner/7/korrespondanser
  13. International Labour Office (ILO). International Standard Classification of Occupations. Structure, group definitions and correspondence tables. Geneva: ILO; 2012. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_172572.pdf
  14. Whittaker R, Grøsland M, Buanes EA, Beitland S, Bryhn B, Helgeland J, et al. Sykehusinnleggelser med covid-19 ‒ en sammenligning av ulike datakilder. [Hospitalisations for COVID-19 - a comparison of different data sources]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2020;140(18). Norwegian. PMID: 33322870 
  15. Indseth T, Kjøllesdal MK, Calero CJ, Nygård KM, Godøy A. Covid-19 i Oslo etter fødeland: Personer testet, bekreftet smittet og relaterte innleggelser. [Covid-19 by country of birth in Oslo: Persons tested, confirmed infections and associated hospitalizations]. Oslo: Folkehelseinstituttet; 2020. Norwegian. Available from: https://www.fhi.no/publ/2020/covid-19-i-oslo-etter-fodeland-personer-testet-bekreftet-smittet-og-relater
  16. Folkhälsomyndigheten. Förekomst av covid-19 i olika yrkesgrupper. Bekräftade covid-19 fall i Sverige 13 mars - 27 maj 2020. [Prevalence of covid-19 in different occupational groups. Confirmed covid-19 cases in Sweden March 13 - May 27, 2020.] Stockholm: Folkhälsomyndigheten; 2020. Swedish. Available from: https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/contentassets/5e248b82cc284971a1c5fd922e7770f8/forekomst-covid-19-olika-yrkesgrupper.pdf
  17. Molvik M, Skyrud A, Grøsland M, Telle KE, Kacelnik O, Volle HM. SARS-CoV-2 blant ansatte i helse- og omsorgstjenesten. [SARS-CoV-2 in health and care staff in Norway, 2020]. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen. 2021;141(3). Norwegian. 10.4045/tidsskr.20.1048 PMID: 33624971 
  18. Statistics Norway. Arbeidskraftundersøkelsen. [Labour force survey]. Oslo: Statistics Norway; 2020. Norwegian. Available from: https://www.ssb.no/arbeid-og-lonn/sysselsetting/statistikk/arbeidskraftundersokelsen
  19. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). COVID-19 clusters and outbreaks in occupational settings in the EU/EEA and the UK. Stockholm: ECDC; 2020. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/COVID-19-in-occupational-settings.pdf
  20. Günther T, Czech-Sioli M, Indenbirken D, Robitaille A, Tenhaken P, Exner M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 outbreak investigation in a German meat processing plant. EMBO Mol Med. 2020;12(12):e13296.  https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202013296  PMID: 33012091 
Occupational risk of COVID-19 in the first versus second epidemic wave in Norway, 2020
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Karin+Magnusson&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Magnusson Karin</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Karin+Nyg%C3%A5rd&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Nygård Karin</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Fredrik+Methi&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Methi Fredrik</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Line+Vold&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vold Line</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Kjetil+Telle&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Telle Kjetil</a></span>. Occupational risk of COVID-19 in the first versus second epidemic wave in Norway, 2020. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2021;26(40):pii=2001875. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.40.2001875" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.40.2001875</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 28 Oct 2020;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 12 Apr 2021 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.40.2001875
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.40.2001875
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error