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Abstract

Background

Human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection are recorded since 2010 in Greece, with seasonal outbreaks occurring almost annually. Enhanced surveillance has been implemented since 2010, to promptly characterise cases’ temporal and geographical distribution and inform authorities for implementation of appropriate measures (mosquito control, health education, blood safety).

Aim

We describe the epidemiology of WNV human infections in Greece focusing on the 2018 season.

Methods

The National Public Health Organization advised physicians to test all suspect WNV infection cases and refer samples to reference laboratories. Laboratories notified diagnosed cases on a daily basis. Treating physicians, patients, and infected blood donors were interviewed within 48 hours after diagnosis and the probable infection location was identified. Hospitalised cases were followed up until discharge.

Results

A total of 317 autochthonous WNV infection cases were diagnosed in 2018. Among them, 243 cases had neuroinvasive disease (WNND), representing a 23% increase of WNND cases compared with 2010, the previous most intense season. There were 51 deaths. Cases started occurring from week 22, earlier than usual. Both rural and urban areas were affected, with 86 (26% of the total) municipalities belonging to seven (54% of the total) regions recording cases. Two major epicentres were identified in Attica and Central Macedonia regions.

Conclusions

The largest number of human cases of WNV infection ever recorded in Greece occurred in 2018, with a wide geographical distribution, suggesting intense virus circulation. Enhanced surveillance is vital for the early detection of human cases and the prompt implementation of response measures.

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2020-08-13
2024-12-03
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32.1900543
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West Nile virus in humans, Greece, 2018: the largest seasonal number of cases, 9 years after its emergence in the country
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Danai+Pervanidou&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pervanidou Danai</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Annita+Vakali&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Vakali Annita</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Theano+Georgakopoulou&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Georgakopoulou Theano</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Takis+Panagiotopoulos&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Panagiotopoulos Takis</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Eleni+Patsoula&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Patsoula Eleni</a>, <a href="/search?value1=George+Koliopoulos&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Koliopoulos George</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Constantina+Politis&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Politis Constantina</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Kostas+Stamoulis&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Stamoulis Kostas</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Elpida+Gavana&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Gavana Elpida</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Styliani+Pappa&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pappa Styliani</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maria+Mavrouli&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Mavrouli Maria</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Maria+Emmanouil&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Emmanouil Maria</a>, <a href="/search?value1=George+Sourvinos&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Sourvinos George</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Andreas+Mentis&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Mentis Andreas</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Athanassios+Tsakris&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Tsakris Athanassios</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Christos+Hadjichristodoulou&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hadjichristodoulou Christos</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sotirios+Tsiodras&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Tsiodras Sotirios</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Anna+Papa&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Papa Anna</a></span>. West Nile virus in humans, Greece, 2018: the largest seasonal number of cases, 9 years after its emergence in the country. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2020;25(32):pii=1900543. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32.1900543" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32.1900543</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 28 Aug 2019;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 15 Feb 2020 </span> </p>
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