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Heterogeneity in influenza seasonality and vaccine effectiveness in Australia, Chile, New Zealand and South Africa: early estimates of the 2019 influenza season
- Sheena G Sullivan1 , Carmen S Arriola2 , Judy Bocacao3 , Pamela Burgos4 , Patricia Bustos5 , Kylie S Carville6 , Allen C Cheng7,8 , Monique BM Chilver9 , Cheryl Cohen10 , Yi-Mo Deng11 , Nathalie El Omeiri12 , Rodrigo A Fasce13 , Orienka Hellferscee10 , Q Sue Huang3 , Cecilia Gonzalez4 , Lauren Jelley3 , Vivian KY Leung1 , Liza Lopez14 , Johanna M McAnerney10 , Andrea McNeill14 , Maria F Olivares15 , Heidi Peck11 , Viviana Sotomayor15 , Stefano Tempia2,10,16,17 , Natalia Vergara15 , Anne von Gottberg10 , Sibongile Walaza10 , Timothy Wood14
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1 World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Doherty Department, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia 2 Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States 3 National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand 4 Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile 5 Sección de Virus Respiratorios y Exantematicos, Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 6 Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia 7 School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 8 Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 9 Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 10 National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa 11 WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia 12 Pan American Health Organization(PAHO)/WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, United States 13 Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 14 Health Intelligence Team, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand 15 Departamento de Epidemiologia, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile 16 Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa 17 MassGenics, Duluth, United StatesSheena G SullivanSheena.Sullivan influenzacentre.org
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Citation style for this article: Sullivan Sheena G, Arriola Carmen S, Bocacao Judy, Burgos Pamela, Bustos Patricia, Carville Kylie S, Cheng Allen C, Chilver Monique BM, Cohen Cheryl, Deng Yi-Mo, El Omeiri Nathalie, Fasce Rodrigo A, Hellferscee Orienka, Huang Q Sue, Gonzalez Cecilia, Jelley Lauren, Leung Vivian KY, Lopez Liza, McAnerney Johanna M, McNeill Andrea, Olivares Maria F, Peck Heidi, Sotomayor Viviana, Tempia Stefano, Vergara Natalia, von Gottberg Anne, Walaza Sibongile, Wood Timothy. Heterogeneity in influenza seasonality and vaccine effectiveness in Australia, Chile, New Zealand and South Africa: early estimates of the 2019 influenza season. Euro Surveill. 2019;24(45):pii=1900645. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.45.1900645 Received: 23 Oct 2019; Accepted: 06 Nov 2019
Abstract
We compared 2019 influenza seasonality and vaccine effectiveness (VE) in four southern hemisphere countries: Australia, Chile, New Zealand and South Africa. Influenza seasons differed in timing, duration, intensity and predominant circulating viruses. VE estimates were also heterogeneous, with all-ages point estimates ranging from 7–70% (I2: 33%) for A(H1N1)pdm09, 4–57% (I2: 49%) for A(H3N2) and 29–66% (I2: 0%) for B. Caution should be applied when attempting to use southern hemisphere data to predict the northern hemisphere influenza season.
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