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Influenza-associated mortality in hospital care: a retrospective cohort study of risk factors and impact of oseltamivir in an English teaching hospital, 2016 to 2017
- Mark Reacher1,2 , Ben Warne3 , Lucy Reeve1 , Neville Q. Verlander4 , Nicholas K. Jones3 , Kyriaki Ranellou3,5 , Silvana Christou3 , Callum Wright3 , Saher Choudhry3 , Maria Zambon6 , Clare Sander3 , Hongyi Zhang2 , Hamid Jalal2
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View Affiliations Hide AffiliationsAffiliations: 1 Public Health England Field Service, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom 2 Public Health England and Cambridge Universities Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 3 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom 4 Statistics Unit, Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, National Infection Service – Data and Analytical Sciences, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom 5 Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom 6 National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United KingdomMark ReacherMark.Reacher phe.gov.uk
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Citation style for this article: Reacher Mark, Warne Ben, Reeve Lucy, Verlander Neville Q., Jones Nicholas K., Ranellou Kyriaki, Christou Silvana, Wright Callum, Choudhry Saher, Zambon Maria, Sander Clare, Zhang Hongyi, Jalal Hamid. Influenza-associated mortality in hospital care: a retrospective cohort study of risk factors and impact of oseltamivir in an English teaching hospital, 2016 to 2017. Euro Surveill. 2019;24(44):pii=1900087. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.44.1900087 Received: 26 Jan 2019; Accepted: 04 Sept 2019
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Abstract
Evidence of an oseltamivir treatment effect on influenza A(H3N2) virus infections in hospitalised patients is incomplete.
This cohort study aimed to evaluate risk factors for death among PCR-confirmed hospitalised cases of seasonal influenza A(H3N2) of all ages and the impact of oseltamivir.
Participants included all 332 PCR-confirmed influenza A(H3N2) cases diagnosed between 30 August 2016 and 17 March 2017 in an English university teaching Hospital. Oseltamivir treatment effect on odds of inpatient death was assessed by backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis.
The odds of death were reduced by two thirds (odds ratio (OR): 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11–0.93), in inpatients treated with a standard course of oseltamivir 75 mg two times daily for 5 days – compared with those untreated with oseltamivir, after adjustment for age, sex, current excess alcohol intake, receipt of 2016/17 seasonal influenza vaccine, serum haemoglobin and hospital vs community attribution of acquisition of influenza.
Oseltamivir treatment given according to National Institutes of Clinical Excellence (NICE); United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines was shown to be effective in reducing the odds of mortality in inpatients with PCR-confirmed seasonal influenza A(H3N2) after adjustment in a busy routine English hospital setting. Our results highlight the importance of hospitals complying with relevant guidelines for prompt seasonal influenza PCR testing and ensuring standard oseltamivir treatment to all PCR-confirmed cases of seasonal influenza.
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