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Abstract

Background

Development of additional diagnostic strategies for earlier HIV diagnosis are needed as approximately 50% of newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals continue to present late for HIV care.

Aim

We aimed to analyse antimicrobial consumption in the 3 years preceding HIV diagnosis, assess whether there was a higher consumption in those diagnosed with HIV compared with matched controls and whether the level of consumption was associated with the risk of HIV infection.

Methods

We conducted a nested case–control study, identifying all individuals (n = 2,784 cases) diagnosed with HIV in Denmark from 1998 to 2016 and 13 age-and sex-matched population controls per case (n = 36,192 controls) from national registers. Antimicrobial drug consumption was estimated as defined daily doses per person-year. We used conditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

In the 3 years preceding an HIV diagnosis, we observed more frequent and higher consumption of antimicrobial drugs in cases compared with controls, with 72.4% vs 46.3% having had at least one prescription (p < 0.001). For all antimicrobial classes, the association between consumption and risk of subsequent HIV diagnosis was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The association was stronger with higher consumption and with shorter time to HIV diagnosis.

Conclusion

HIV-infected individuals have a significantly higher use of antimicrobial drugs in the 3 years preceding HIV diagnosis than controls. Prescription of antimicrobial drugs in primary healthcare could be an opportunity to consider proactive HIV testing. Further studies need to identify optimal prescription cut-offs that could endorse its inclusion in public health policies.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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2019-10-10
2024-12-18
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Prescription of antimicrobials in primary health care as a marker to identify people living with undiagnosed HIV infection, Denmark, 1998 to 2016
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Raquel+Martin-Iguacel&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Martin-Iguacel Raquel</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Court+Pedersen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Pedersen Court</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Josep+M+Llibre&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Llibre Josep M</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jens+S%C3%B8ndergaard&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Søndergaard Jens</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Frederik+Veitland+Ilkj%C3%A6r&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ilkjær Frederik Veitland</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Janne+Jensen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Jensen Janne</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Niels+Obel&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Obel Niels</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Isik+Somuncu+Johansen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Johansen Isik Somuncu</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Line+Dahlerup+Rasmussen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Rasmussen Line Dahlerup</a></span>. Prescription of antimicrobials in primary health care as a marker to identify people living with undiagnosed HIV infection, Denmark, 1998 to 2016. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2019;24(41):pii=1900225. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.41.1900225" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.41.1900225</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 03 Apr 2019;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 31 Jul 2019 </span> </p>
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