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Abstract

Background

In the Netherlands, obstacle, mud and survival runs are increasingly popular. Although outbreaks of gastroenteritis have been reported following these events, associated health risks have not been systematically assessed.

Aim

To investigate the incidence of acute gastrointestinal infections (AGI), skin infections (SI) and respiratory infections (RI) among obstacle run participants, as well as risk factors.

Methods

Between April and October 2017, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among 2,900 participants of 17 obstacle runs in the Netherlands. Demographic, symptomatic and behavioural data were collected from participants via an online questionnaire 1 week after participation in an obstacle run. Stool specimens were obtained from respondents for microbiological tests. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multilevel binomial regression analysis were calculated.

Results

Of 2,646 respondents (median age: 33 years; 53% male), 76 had AGI after the obstacle run; ingesting mud was associated with AGI (aRR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–4.9) and 38 respondents had AGI during or in the week before the obstacle run. Overall, 103 respondents reported SI and 163 RI. Rinsing off in a hot tub was associated with SI (aRR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.7–2.8). Of 111 stool specimens, 13 tested positive for six different pathogens. No clusters were found.

Conclusion

The reported incidence of AGI, SI and RI was low. Risk of these infections could be decreased by informing participants on preventive measures, e.g. showering vs rinsing in the hot tub, avoiding ingesting mud and not participating with symptoms of AGI.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.40.1900088
2019-10-03
2024-11-20
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.40.1900088
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Risk factors for developing acute gastrointestinal, skin or respiratory infections following obstacle and mud run participation, the Netherlands, 2017
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Elisabeth+M+den+Boogert&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">den Boogert Elisabeth M</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Danielle+M+Oorsprong&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Oorsprong Danielle M</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ewout+B+Fanoy&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Fanoy Ewout B</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Alexander+CAP+Leenders&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Leenders Alexander CAP</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Alma+Tostmann&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Tostmann Alma</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Adriana+SG+van+Dam&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van Dam Adriana SG</a></span>. Risk factors for developing acute gastrointestinal, skin or respiratory infections following obstacle and mud run participation, the Netherlands, 2017. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2019;24(40):pii=1900088. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.40.1900088" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.40.1900088</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 25 Jan 2019;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 13 Jun 2019 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.40.1900088
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.40.1900088
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