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Abstract

Background

Migrants within the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) may be underimmunised and lack documentation on previous vaccinations. We investigated approaches to vaccination in recently arrived adult and child migrants, and guideline availability and implementation. : Between March and May 2017, a national vaccination expert from every EU/EEA country and Switzerland completed an electronic questionnaire. We used descriptive analyses to calculate percentages, and framework analysis to synthesise free-text responses. : We approached 32 countries (response rate 100%). Although 28 experts reported vaccination guidance at national level, specific guidelines for recently arrived migrants were only available in six countries and not consistently implemented. Twenty-three countries administered vaccinations during on-arrival health checks. Most experts recommended multiple vaccination opportunities be made available: at point of entry (n = 13) or at holding level (reception centres, migrant camps, detention centres) (n = 21). In 30 countries, child migrants without evidence of previous vaccination were re-vaccinated according to the national schedule. Diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus and polio vaccinations were given to migrant children in all countries, measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) in 31 countries, hepatitis B vaccination in 25. Low levels of catch-up vaccination were reported in adult migrants, with only 13 countries offering MMR and 10 countries charging fees. : Existing guidance is often not migrant-specific and may not be applied in practice; clarification is needed on which vaccines should be given. Strategies are needed specifically for catch-up vaccination in adult migrants. Vaccinations should be offered in multiple settings, free of charge, with sufficient guidance and training provided to front-line healthcare professionals.

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2018-10-11
2024-12-26
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Divergent approaches in the vaccination of recently arrived migrants to Europe: a survey of national experts from 32 countries, 2017
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Sally+Hargreaves&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hargreaves Sally</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Laura+B+Nellums&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Nellums Laura B</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Sofanne+J+Ravensbergen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ravensbergen Sofanne J</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jon+S+Friedland&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Friedland Jon S</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ymkje+Stienstra&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Stienstra Ymkje</a>, <a href="/search?value1=on+behalf+of+the+ESGITM+Working+Group+on+Vaccination+in+Migrants&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">on behalf of the ESGITM Working Group on Vaccination in Migrants</a></span>. Divergent approaches in the vaccination of recently arrived migrants to Europe: a survey of national experts from 32 countries, 2017. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2018;23(41):pii=1700772. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.41.1700772" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.41.1700772</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 17 Nov 2017;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 14 Jun 2018 </span> </p>
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Supplementary data

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    • Table detailing the institutions of the participating European experts

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    • ESGITM/ESCMID survey of policy and guidance for vaccinations in migrant populations across Europe

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