1887
  1. Home
  2. Eurosurveillance
  3. Volume 21, Issue 29, 21/Jul/2016
  4. Article
Surveillance and outbreak report Open Access
Like 0
Download

Abstract

To develop a European surveillance protocol for infection (CDI), existing national CDI surveillance systems were assessed in 2011. A web-based electronic form was provided for all national coordinators of the European CDI Surveillance Network (ECDIS-Net). Of 35 national coordinators approached, 33 from 31 European countries replied. Surveillance of CDI was in place in 14 of the 31 countries, comprising 18 different nationwide systems. Three of 14 countries with CDI surveillance used public health notification of cases as the route of reporting, and in another three, reporting was limited to public health notification of cases of severe CDI. The CDI definitions published by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) were widely used, but there were differing definitions to distinguish between community- and healthcare-associated cases. All CDI surveillance systems except one reported annual national CDI rates (calculated as number of cases per patient-days). Only four surveillance systems regularly integrated microbiological data (typing and susceptibility testing results). Surveillance methods varied considerably between countries, which emphasises the need for a harmonised European protocol to allow consistent monitoring of the CDI epidemiology at European level. The results of this survey were used to develop a harmonised EU-wide hospital-based CDI surveillance protocol.

© Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.29.30291
2016-07-21
2024-11-13
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.29.30291
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/21/29/eurosurv-21-30291-2.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.29.30291&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Freeman J, Bauer MP, Baines SD, Corver J, Fawley WN, Goorhuis B, et al. The changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010;23(3):529-49.  https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00082-09  PMID: 20610822 
  2. Kuijper EJ, Coignard B, Tüll PESCMID Study Group for Clostridium difficileEU Member StatesEuropean Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Emergence of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in North America and Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;12(Suppl 6):2-18.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01580.x  PMID: 16965399 
  3. Honda H, Dubberke ER. The changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2014;30(1):54-62.  https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000018  PMID: 24285002 
  4. Goorhuis A, Bakker D, Corver J, Debast SB, Harmanus C, Notermans DW, et al. Emergence of Clostridium difficile infection due to a new hypervirulent strain, polymerase chain reaction ribotype 078. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(9):1162-70.  https://doi.org/10.1086/592257  PMID: 18808358 
  5. Goorhuis A, Debast SB, van Leengoed LA, Harmanus C, Notermans DW, Bergwerff AA, et al. Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078: an emerging strain in humans and in pigs? J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(3):1157-8, author reply 1158.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01536-07  PMID: 18326836 
  6. Chernak E, Johnson CC, Weltman A, McDonald LC, Wiggs L, Killgore G, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Severe Clostridium difficile-associated disease in populations previously at low risk--four states, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54(47):1201-5. PMID: 16319813 
  7. Wilcox MH, Mooney L, Bendall R, Settle CD, Fawley WN. A case-control study of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62(2):388-96.  https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkn163  PMID: 18434341 
  8. Bauer MP, Goorhuis A, Koster T, Numan-Ruberg SC, Hagen EC, Debast SB, et al. Community-onset Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea not associated with antibiotic usage--two case reports with review of the changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. Neth J Med. 2008;66(5):207-11. PMID: 18490799 
  9. Bauer MP, Notermans DW, van Benthem BH, Brazier JS, Wilcox MH, Rupnik M, et al. ECDIS Study Group. Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a hospital-based survey. Lancet. 2011;377(9759):63-73.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61266-4  PMID: 21084111 
  10. Barbut F, Mastrantonio P, Delmée M, Brazier J, Kuijper E, Poxton IEuropean Study Group on Clostridium difficile (ESGCD). Prospective study of Clostridium difficile infections in Europe with phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of the isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007;13(11):1048-57.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01824.x  PMID: 17850341 
  11. van Dorp SM, Kinross P, Gastmeier P, Behnke M, Kola A, Delmée M, et al. Standardised surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection in European acute care hospitals: a pilot study, 2013. Euro Surveill. 2016;21(29):30293.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.29.30293 
  12. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). European Surveillance of Clostridium difficile infections. Surveillance protocol version 2.2. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015. Available from: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/_layouts/forms/Publication_DispForm.aspx?List=4f55ad51-4aed-4d32-b960-af70113dbb90&ID=1402
  13. World Health Organization (WHO). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO; 2010.
  14. McDonald LC, Coignard B, Dubberke E, Song X, Horan T, Kutty PKAd Hoc Clostridium difficile Surveillance Working Group. Recommendations for surveillance of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28(2):140-5.  https://doi.org/10.1086/511798  PMID: 17265394 
  15. van Dorp SM, Notermans DW, Alblas J, Gastmeier P, Mentula S, Nagy E, et al. Survey of diagnostic and typing capacity for Clostridium difficile infection in Europe, 2011 and 2014. Euro Surveill. 2016;21(29):30292.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.29.30292 
  16. Goldenberg SD, Price NM, Tucker D, Wade P, French GL. Mandatory reporting and improvements in diagnosing Clostridium difficile infection: an incompatible dichotomy? J Infect. 2011;62(5):363-70.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2011.03.007  PMID: 21439999 
  17. Fridkin SK, Olmsted RN. Meaningful measure of performance: a foundation built on valid, reproducible findings from surveillance of health care-associated infections. Am J Infect Control. 2011;39(2):87-90.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2011.01.002  PMID: 21356430 
  18. McKibben L, Fowler G, Horan T, Brennan PJ. Ensuring rational public reporting systems for health care-associated infections: systematic literature review and evaluation recommendations. Am J Infect Control. 2006;34(3):142-9.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2005.09.006  PMID: 16630978 
  19. Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, Kelly CP, Loo VG, McDonald LC, et al. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of AmericaInfectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(5):431-55.  https://doi.org/10.1086/651706  PMID: 20307191 
  20. McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A, Owens RC Jr, Kazakova SV, Sambol SP, et al. An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(23):2433-41.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa051590  PMID: 16322603 
  21. Warny M, Pepin J, Fang A, Killgore G, Thompson A, Brazier J, et al. Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe. Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1079-84.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67420-X  PMID: 16182895 
  22. Dubberke ER, Butler AM, Yokoe DS, Mayer J, Hota B, Mangino JE, et al. Prevention Epicenters Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multicenter study of surveillance for hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection by the use of ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(3):262-8.  https://doi.org/10.1086/650447  PMID: 20100085 
  23. Dubberke ER, Butler AM, Nyazee HA, Reske KA, Yokoe DS, Mayer J, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Epicenters Program. The impact of ICD-9-CM code rank order on the estimated prevalence of Clostridium difficile infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(1):20-5.  https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir246  PMID: 21653298 
  24. Gastmeier P, Sohr D, Schwab F, Behnke M, Zuschneid I, Brandt C, et al. Ten years of KISS: the most important requirements for success. J Hosp Infect. 2008;70(Suppl 1):11-6.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6701(08)60005-5  PMID: 18994676 
  25. Indra A, Huhulescu S, Schneeweis M, Hasenberger P, Kernbichler S, Fiedler A, et al. Characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates using capillary gel electrophoresis-based PCR ribotyping. J Med Microbiol. 2008;57(Pt 11):1377-82.  https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47714-0  PMID: 18927415 
  26. Fawley WN, Knetsch CW, MacCannell DR, Harmanus C, Du T, Mulvey MR, et al. Development and validation of an internationally-standardized, high-resolution capillary gel-based electrophoresis PCR-ribotyping protocol for Clostridium difficile. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0118150.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118150  PMID: 25679978 
  27. Knetsch CW, Lawley TD, Hensgens MP, Corver J, Wilcox MW, Kuijper EJ. Current application and future perspectives of molecular typing methods to study Clostridium difficile infections. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(4):20381. PMID: 23369393 
Survey of Clostridium difficile infection surveillance systems in Europe, 2011
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Axel+Kola&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Kola Axel</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Camilla+Wiuff&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Wiuff Camilla</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Thomas+Akerlund&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Akerlund Thomas</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Birgit+H+van+Benthem&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van Benthem Birgit H</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Bruno+Coignard&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Coignard Bruno</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Outi+Lyytik%C3%A4inen&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Lyytikäinen Outi</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Doris+Weitzel-Kage&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Weitzel-Kage Doris</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Carl+Suetens&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Suetens Carl</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Mark+H+Wilcox&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Wilcox Mark H</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ed+J+Kuijper&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Kuijper Ed J</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Petra+Gastmeier&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Gastmeier Petra</a>, <a href="/search?value1=on+behalf+of+members+of+ECDIS-Net&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">on behalf of members of ECDIS-Net</a></span>. Survey of Clostridium difficile infection surveillance systems in Europe, 2011. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2016;21(29):pii=30291. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.29.30291" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.29.30291</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 05 Feb 2016;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 03 Jun 2016 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.29.30291
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.29.30291
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error