1887
Research article Open Access
Like 0

Abstract

is an emerging hospital pathogen. Whereas isolated from patients or hospitals has been reported, there are few data regarding propagation of viable in the natural environment. This study investigates the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of viable in municipal wastewater and its persistence through the wastewater treatment process. A total of 21 isolates were recovered at a secondary type of municipal wastewater treatment plant in Zagreb, Croatia: 15 from raw influent wastewater and six from final effluent. All isolates were carbapenem- and multidrug-resistant. Among 14 isolates tested for genes, all harboured the constitutive gene, while the acquired and genes were found in 10 and three isolates respectively. Six isolates recovered from effluent wastewater multiplied and survived in sterilised effluent wastewater up to 50 days. These findings support the idea that multidrug-resistant can occur and have the ability to survive in the environment.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.15.30195
2016-04-14
2024-11-05
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.15.30195
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/21/15/eurosurv-21-30195-4.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.15.30195&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Howard A, O’Donoghue M, Feeney A, Sleator RD. Acinetobacter baumannii: an emerging opportunistic pathogen. Virulence. 2012;3(3):243-50.  https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.19700  PMID: 22546906 
  2. Croatian Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS). Antibiotic resistance in Croatia, 2012. Zagreb: CAMS; 2013:90-4.
  3. Antunes LCS, Imperi F, Carattoli A, Visca P. Deciphering the multifactorial nature of Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenicity. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e22674.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022674  PMID: 21829642 
  4. Espinal P, Martí S, Vila J. Effect of biofilm formation on the survival of Acinetobacter baumannii on dry surfaces. J Hosp Infect. 2012;80(1):56-60.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2011.08.013  PMID: 21975219 
  5. Towner KJ. Acinetobacter: an old friend, but a new enemy. J Hosp Infect. 2009;73(4):355-63.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2009.03.032  PMID: 19700220 
  6. Roca I, Espinal P, Vila-Farrés X, Vila J. The Acinetobacter baumannii Oxymoron: commensal hospital dweller turned pan-drug-resistant menace. Front Microbiol. 2012;3(1):148. PMID: 22536199 
  7. Zavascki AP, Bulitta JB, Landersdorfer CB. Combination therapy for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2013;11(12):1333-53.  https://doi.org/10.1586/14787210.2013.845523  PMID: 24191943 
  8. Goic-Barisic I, Bedenic B, Tonkic M, Katic S, Kalenic S, Punda-Polic V. First report of molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in different intensive care units in University Hospital Split, Croatia. J Chemother. 2007;19(4):462-4.  https://doi.org/10.1179/joc.2007.19.4.462  PMID: 17855194 
  9. Goic-Barisic I. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB) - ten years after the onset of these isolates in Croatia. Infectol Glasn.2012;32(2):67-70. Croatian.
  10. Opazo A, Domínguez M, Bello H, Amyes SG, González-Rocha G. OXA-type carbapenemases in Acinetobacter baumannii in South America. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2012;6(4):311-6. PMID: 22505439 
  11. Higgins PG, Poirel L, Lehmann M, Nordmann P, Seifert H. OXA-143, a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D beta-lactamase in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(12):5035-8.  https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00856-09  PMID: 19770279 
  12. Goic-Barisic I, Bedenic B, Tonkic M, Novak A, Katic S, Kalenic S, et al. Occurrence of OXA-107 and ISAba1 in carbapenem-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from Croatia. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47(10):3348-9.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02394-08  PMID: 19692565 
  13. Goic-Barisic I, Towner KJ, Kovacic A, Sisko-Kraljevic K, Tonkic M, Novak A, et al. Outbreak in Croatia caused by a new carbapenem-resistant clone of Acinetobacter baumannii producing OXA-72 carbapenemase. J Hosp Infect. 2011;77(4):368-9.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2010.12.003  PMID: 21316806 
  14. Vranić-Ladavac M, Bedenić B, Minandri F, Ištok M, Bošnjak Z, Frančula-Zaninović S, et al. Carbapenem resistance and acquired class D beta-lactamases in Acinetobacter baumannii from Croatia 2009-2010. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33(3):471-8.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-013-1991-9  PMID: 24197438 
  15. Fournier PE, Richet H. The epidemiology and control of Acinetobacter baumannii in health care facilities. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(5):692-9.  https://doi.org/10.1086/500202  PMID: 16447117 
  16. Farrugia DN, Elbourne LD, Hassan KA, Eijkelkamp BA, Tetu SG, Brown MH, et al. The complete genome and phenome of a community-acquired Acinetobacter baumannii. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58628.
  17. Ferreira AE, Marchetti DP, De Oliveira LM, Gusatti CS, Fuentefria DB, Corção G. Presence of OXA-23-producing isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in wastewater from hospitals in southern Brazil. Microb Drug Resist. 2011;17(2):221-7.  https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2010.0013  PMID: 21254809 
  18. Zhang C, Qiu S, Wang Y, Qi L, Hao R, Liu X, et al. Higher isolation of NDM-1 producing Acinetobacter baumannii from the sewage of the hospitals in Beijing. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e64857.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064857  PMID: 23755152 
  19. Girlich D, Poirel L, Nordmann P. First isolation of the blaOXA-23 carbapenemase gene from an environmental Acinetobacter baumannii isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54(1):578-9.  https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00861-09  PMID: 19884362 
  20. Hrenovic J, Durn G, Goic-Barisic I, Kovacic A. Occurrence of an environmental Acinetobacter baumannii strain similar to a clinical isolate in paleosol from Croatia. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014;80(9):2860-6.  https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00312-14  PMID: 24584245 
  21. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21th edn. New York: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation; 2005.
  22. HRN ISO 7899-2. Water quality – Detection and enumeration of intestinal enterococci, Part 2: membrane filtration method. Geneva: Organization for Standardization; 2000.
  23. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CSLI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 17th informational supplement, M100-S17. Wayne, PA: CSLI; 2007.
  24. Lee MJ, Jang SJ, Li XM, Park G, Kook JK, Kim MJ, et al. Comparison of rpoB gene sequencing, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, gyrB multiplex PCR, and the VITEK2 system for identification of Acinetobacter clinical isolates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;78(1):29-34.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.07.013  PMID: 24157058 
  25. Mencacci A, Monari C, Leli C, Merlini L, De Carolis E, Vella A, et al. Typing of nosocomial outbreaks of Acinetobacter baumannii by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(2):603-6.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01811-12  PMID: 23175257 
  26. Spinali S, van Belkum A, Goering RV, Girard V, Welker M, Van Nuenen M, et al. Microbial typing by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: do we need guidance for data interpretation? J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(3):760-5.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01635-14  PMID: 25056329 
  27. Sousa C, Botelho J, Silva L, Grosso F, Nemec A, Lopes J, et al. MALDI-TOF MS and chemometric based identification of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex species. Int J Med Microbiol. 2014;304(5-6):669-77.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.04.014  PMID: 24877727 
  28. Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV, Mickelsen PA, Murray BE, Persing DH, et al. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33(9):2233-9. PMID: 7494007 
  29. Seifert H, Dolzani L, Bressan R, van der Reijden T, van Strijen B, Stefanik D, et al. Standardization and interlaboratory reproducibility assessment of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-generated fingerprints of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(9):4328-35.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.9.4328-4335.2005  PMID: 16145073 
  30. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). EUCAST Reading guide. Version 4.0. Växjö: EUCAST; 2014.
  31. Burckhardt I, Zimmermann S. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to detect carbapenem resistance within 1 to 2.5 hours. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(9):3321-4.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00287-11  PMID: 21795515 
  32. Hrabák J, Walková R, Studentová V, Chudácková E, Bergerová T. Carbapenemase activity detection by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(9):3222-7.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00984-11  PMID: 21775535 
  33. Woodford N, Ellington MJ, Coelho JM, Turton JF, Ward ME, Brown S, et al. Multiplex PCR for genes encoding prevalent OXA carbapenemases in Acinetobacter spp. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006;27(4):351-3.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.01.004  PMID: 16564159 
  34. Abdallaa KZ, Hammamb G. Correlation between biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for various wastewater treatment plants in Egypt to obtain the biodegradability indices. Int J Sci Basic Appl Res.2014;13(1):42-8.
  35. Official Gazette. Ordinance on emission limit values for wastewater discharges. 2013, no. 80.
  36. Mote BL, Turner JW, Lipp EK. Persistence and growth of the fecal indicator bacteria enterococci in detritus and natural estuarine plankton communities. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78(8):2569-77.  https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.06902-11  PMID: 22327586 
  37. Paşayeva P, Gezgin Y, Pekin G, Eltem R. Phosphate uptake performance of bacteria isolated from a full-scale Izmir municipal wastewater treatment plant. Environ Technol. 2011;32(5-6):543-9.  https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2010.505250  PMID: 21877535 
  38. Hrenovic J, Tibljas D,, Ivankovic T, Kovacevic D, Sekovanic L. Sepiolite as carrier of the phosphate-accumulating bacteria Acinetobacter junii. Appl Clay Sci. 2010;50(4):582-7.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.10.024 
  39. Zhang Y, Marrs CF, Simon C, Xi C. Wastewater treatment contributes to selective increase of antibiotic resistance among Acinetobacter spp. Sci Total Environ. 2009;407(12):3702-6.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.013  PMID: 19321192 
  40. Corbella X, Pujol M, Ayats J, Sendra M, Ardanuy C, Domínguez MA, et al. Relevance of digestive tract colonization in the epidemiology of nosocomial infections due to multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;23(2):329-34.  https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/23.2.329  PMID: 8842272 
  41. Zordan S, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Weiss R, van der Reijden T, van den Broek P, Baljer G, et al. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in veterinary clinics, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(9):1751-4.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1709.101931  PMID: 21888812 
  42. Rizzo L, Manaia C, Merlin C, Schwartz T, Dagot C, Ploy MC, et al. Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes spread into the environment: a review. Sci Total Environ. 2013;447(1):345-60.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.032  PMID: 23396083 
  43. Luo Y, Yang F, Mathieu J, Mao D, Wang Q, Alvarez PJJ. Proliferation of multidrug-resistant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase genes in municipal wastewater treatment plants in northern China. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2014;1(1):26-30.  https://doi.org/10.1021/ez400152e 
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.15.30195
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error