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- Volume 29, Issue 9, 29/Feb/2024
Eurosurveillance - Volume 29, Issue 9, 29 February 2024
Volume 29, Issue 9, 2024
- Rapid communication
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Ongoing measles outbreak, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, December 2023 to February 2024
We report on an ongoing measles outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with 141 cases notified between week 52 2023 and week 6 2024. Among those with known vaccination status, 97% were unvaccinated and the most affected group is children under the age of 5 years (n = 87) who were not vaccinated during the pandemic years. Sixty-eight cases were hospitalised, the most common complications were measles-related pneumonia and diarrhoea. The sequenced measles viruses from four cases belonged to genotype D8.
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- Surveillance
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Burden of chickenpox complications in Poland, 2006 to 2021: A comprehensive registry-based study
BackgroundChickenpox, a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the varicella zoster virus, generally presents with mild symptoms but can cause complications necessitating hospitalisation. In Poland, since 2009, vaccination has been obligatory for children up to 12 years of age who are particularly vulnerable to infection and for children in their vicinity.
AimTo examine the burden of chickenpox complications and the trends of hospitalisation arising from these complications over time in the Polish population.
MethodsData spanning 2006–21 were sourced from the Polish Infectious Diseases Surveillance System, the Nationwide General Hospital Morbidity Study and the Statistics Poland death registry. Standardised and age-specific incidence rates, hospital discharge rates and number of deaths because of chickenpox were calculated. Moreover, the joinpoint regression model was used to analyse trends of annual hospital discharge rates.
ResultsOver the analysed timeframe, 25,804 hospitalisations and 52 deaths attributable to chickenpox complications were documented, and 1.0% of chickenpox cases required hospitalisation because of chickenpox. Age-standardised hospitalisation rates varied between 2.3 and 9.6 per 100,000 population. The analysis revealed no statistically significant trend in overall hospital discharge rates from chickenpox complications. However, a notable increase in hospitalisation rates was observed in children aged 0–4 and among inhabitants of rural areas, with annual percentage changes of 4.9% and 3.4% respectively.
ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the implementation of a universal chickenpox immunisation programme, supported by health education, should be considered to reduce the number of hospitalisations and nearly eliminate deaths because of chickenpox.
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- Systematic Review
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Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions, World Health Organization European Region, 1949 to 2021
BackgroundEpidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection remains inadequately understood.
AimWe aimed to characterise NG epidemiology in Europe.
MethodsWe used Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines to systematically review, report, synthesise and analyse NG prevalence data from 1949 to 30 September 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled prevalence. Meta-regression analyses investigated associations and sources of heterogeneity.
ResultsThe 844 included publications yielded 1,573 prevalence measures. Pooled prevalence of current urogenital infection was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.7–1.2%) among general populations, 3.2% (95% CI: 1.8–4.8%) among female sex workers, 4.9% (95% CI: 4.2–5.6%) among sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees and 12.1% (95% CI: 8.8–15.8%) among symptomatic men. Among men who have sex with men, pooled prevalence was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5–1.4%), 5.6% (95% CI: 3.6–8.1%), and 3.8% (95% CI: 2.5–5.4%), respectively, for current urogenital, anorectal or oropharyngeal infection. Current urogenital, anorectal or oropharyngeal infection was 1.45-fold (95% CI: 1.19–1.77%), 2.75-fold (95% CI: 1.89–4.02%) and 2.64-fold (95% CI: 1.77–3.93%) higher among men than women. Current urogenital infection declined 0.97-fold (95% CI: 0.96–0.98%) yearly, but anorectal and oropharyngeal infection increased (1.02-fold; 95% CI: 1.01–1.04% and 1.02-fold; 95% CI: 1.00–1.04%), respectively.
ConclusionsNeisseria gonorrhoeae epidemiology in Europe has distinct and contrasting epidemiologies for vaginal sex transmission in heterosexual sex networks vs anal and oral sex transmission in MSM sexual networks. Increased transmission may facilitate drug-resistant strain emergence. Europe is far from achieving the World Health Organization target of 90% incidence reduction by 2030.
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Effectiveness of interventions to increase healthcare workers’ adherence to vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 1993 to 2022
BackgroundVaccination adherence among healthcare workers (HCWs) is fundamental for the prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in healthcare. This safeguards HCWs' well-being, prevents transmission of infections to vulnerable patients and contributes to public health.
AimThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe interventions meant to increase HCWs’ adherence to vaccination and estimate the effectiveness of these interventions.
MethodsWe searched literature in eight databases and performed manual searches in relevant journals and the reference lists of retrieved articles. The study population included any HCW with potential occupational exposure to VPDs. We included experimental and quasi-experimental studies presenting interventions aimed at increasing HCWs’ adherence to vaccination against VPDs. The post-intervention vaccination adherence rate was set as the main outcome. We included the effect of interventions in the random-effects and subgroup meta-analyses.
ResultsThe systematic review considered 48 studies on influenza and Tdap vaccination from database and manual searches, and 43 were meta-analysed. A statistically significant, positive effect was seen in multi-component interventions in randomised controlled trials (relative risk (RR) = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13–1.66) and in observational studies (RR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.29–1.58). Vaccination adherence rate was higher in community care facilities (RR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.49–1.68) than in hospitals (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.76-2.05).
ConclusionInterventions aimed at increasing HCWs’ adherence to vaccination against VPDs are effective, especially multi-component ones. Future research should determine the most effective framework of interventions for each setting, using appropriate study design for their evaluation, and should compare intervention components to understand their contribution to the effectiveness.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 29 (2024)
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Volume 28 (2023)
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Volume 27 (2022)
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Volume 26 (2021)
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Volume 25 (2020)
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Volume 24 (2019)
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Volume 23 (2018)
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Volume 22 (2017)
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Volume 21 (2016)
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Volume 20 (2015)
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Volume 19 (2014)
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Volume 18 (2013)
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Volume 17 (2012)
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Volume 16 (2011)
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Volume 15 (2010)
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Volume 14 (2009)
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Volume 13 (2008)
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Volume 12 (2007)
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Volume 11 (2006)
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Volume 10 (2005)
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Volume 9 (2004)
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Volume 8 (2003)
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Volume 7 (2002)
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Volume 6 (2001)
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Volume 5 (2000)
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Volume 4 (1999)
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Volume 3 (1998)
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Volume 2 (1997)
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Volume 1 (1996)
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Volume 0 (1995)
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