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- Volume 24, Issue 5, 31/Jan/2019
Eurosurveillance - Volume 24, Issue 5, 31 January 2019
Volume 24, Issue 5, 2019
- Rapid communication
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Early season estimate of influenza vaccination effectiveness against influenza hospitalisation in children, Hong Kong, winter influenza season 2018/19
The winter 2018/19 influenza season in Hong Kong has been predominated by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 as at January 2019. We enrolled 2,016 children in three public hospitals in Hong Kong between 2 September 2018 and 11 January 2019. Using the test-negative approach, we estimated high early season effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine against influenza A or B of 90% (95% confidence interval (CI): 80–95%) and 92% (95% CI: 82–96%) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.
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- Review
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Laboratory management of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infections: perspectives from two European networks
Barbara Bartolini , Cesare EM Gruber , Marion Koopmans , Tatjana Avšič , Sylvia Bino , Iva Christova , Roland Grunow , Roger Hewson , Gulay Korukluoglu , Cinthia Menel Lemos , Ali Mirazimi , Anna Papa , Maria Paz Sanchez-Seco , Aisha V. Sauer , Hervè Zeller , Carla Nisii , Maria Rosaria Capobianchi , Giuseppe Ippolito , Chantal B. Reusken and Antonino Di CaroBackgroundCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is considered an emerging infectious disease threat in the European Union. Since 2000, the incidence and geographic range of confirmed CCHF cases have markedly increased, following changes in the distribution of its main vector, Hyalomma ticks.
AimsTo review scientific literature and collect experts’ opinion to analyse relevant aspects of the laboratory management of human CCHF cases and any exposed contacts, as well as identify areas for advancement of international collaborative preparedness and laboratory response plans.
MethodsWe conducted a literature review on CCHF molecular diagnostics through an online search. Further, we obtained expert opinions on the key laboratory aspects of CCHF diagnosis. Consulted experts were members of two European projects, EMERGE (Efficient response to highly dangerous and emerging pathogens at EU level) and EVD-LabNet (Emerging Viral Diseases-Expert Laboratory Network).
ResultsConsensus was reached on relevant and controversial aspects of CCHF disease with implications for laboratory management of human CCHF cases, including biosafety, diagnostic algorithm and advice to improve lab capabilities. Knowledge on the diffusion of CCHF can be obtained by promoting syndromic approach to infectious diseases diagnosis and by including CCHFV infection in the diagnostic algorithm of severe fevers of unknown origin.
ConclusionNo effective vaccine and/or therapeutics are available at present so outbreak response relies on rapid identification and appropriate infection control measures. Frontline hospitals and reference laboratories have a crucial role in the response to a CCHF outbreak, which should integrate laboratory, clinical and public health responses.
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- Surveillance
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Bloodstream infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Italy: results from nationwide surveillance, 2014 to 2017
Following the rapid increase of infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in Italy, the national surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSI) due to CPE (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) was instituted in 2013. All CPE-BSI cases reported to the surveillance in the years 2014–17 were analysed in order to investigate incidence rate (IR), trend, main individual characteristics and enzymes involved in CPE resistance. Throughout this period, 7,632 CPE-BSI cases (IR: 3.14/100,000 inhabitants) were reported from all 21 regions and autonomous provinces in Italy, with an increasing number of reported cases (2014: 1,403; 2015: 1,838; 2016: 2,183; 2017: 2,208). CPE-BSI cases mainly occurred in subjects aged over 60 years (70.9%) and more frequently in males (62.7%) than in females. Most of the cases originated in hospitals (87.2%), mainly in intensive care units (38.0%), and were associated with central or peripheral venous catheter use (23.9%) or with urinary tract infections (21.1%). Almost all CPE-BSI (98.1%) were due to K. pneumoniae carrying the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) enzyme (95.2%). These data show that carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae are endemic in our country, causing a high number of BSI and representing a threat to patient safety.
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Bacterial sexually transmitted infections in France: recent trends and patients’ characteristics in 2016
Ndeindo Ndeikoundam Ngangro , Delphine Viriot , Nelly Fournet , Corinne Pioche , Bertille De Barbeyrac , Agathe Goubard , Nicolas Dupin , Béatrice Berçot , Sébastien Fouéré , Isabelle Alcaraz , Michel Ohayon , Nathalie Spenatto , Chantal Vernay-Vaisse , referents for the regional offices of the French national public health agency , Josiane Pillonel and Florence LotDiagnoses of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) have been increasing in France since their resurgence in the late 1990s. This article presents recent epidemiological trends until 2016 and the patients’ characteristics. STI surveillance relies on sentinel networks: a clinician-based network RésIST (clinical, biological and behavioural data for early syphilis and gonorrhoea), the lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) network (clinical, biological and behavioural data for rectal LGV, and the laboratory networks Rénachla and Rénago (demographic and biological data for chlamydial infections and gonorrhoea, respectively). Here we describe trends between 2014 and 2016, using data from diagnostic centres which participated regularly during the study period. The number of early syphilis, gonorrhoea and LGV diagnoses increased between 2014 and 2016, particularly in men who have sex with men. An increase in syphilis and gonorrhoea cases was also observed in heterosexuals. Nevertheless, we observed a drop in 2016 for syphilis and chlamydial infections after two decades of increases. Under-reporting and shortage of benzathine penicillin in 2016 may explain this latest evolution. Regular screening of patients and partners, followed by prompt treatment, remains essential to interrupt STI transmission in a context where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention has expanded towards biomedical prophylaxis.
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- Euroroundup
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Malaria in Eritrean migrants newly arrived in seven European countries, 2011 to 2016
Global migration has resulted in a large number of asylum applications in Europe. In 2014, clusters of Plasmodium vivax cases were reported among newly arrived Eritreans. This study aimed to assess malaria among Eritrean migrants in Europe from 2011 to 2016. We reviewed European migration numbers and malaria surveillance data for seven countries (Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) which received 44,050 (94.3%) of 46,730 Eritreans seeking asylum in Europe in 2014. The overall number of malaria cases, predominantly P. vivax, increased significantly in 2014 compared to previous years, with the largest increases in Germany (44 P. vivax cases in 2013 vs 294 in 2014, p < 0.001) and Sweden (18 in 2013 vs 205 in 2014, p < 0.001). Overall, malaria incidence in Eritreans increased from 1–5 to 25 cases per 1,000, and was highest in male teenagers (50 cases/1,000). In conclusion, an exceptional increase of malaria cases occurred in Europe in 2014 and 2015, due to rising numbers of Eritreans with high incidence of P. vivax arriving in Europe. Our results demonstrate potential for rapid changes in imported malaria patterns, highlighting the need for improved awareness, surveillance efforts and timely healthcare in migrants.
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- Research
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First detection of a Vssc allele V1016G conferring a high level of insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus collected from Europe (Italy) and Asia (Vietnam), 2016: a new emerging threat to controlling arboviral diseases
Shinji Kasai , Beniamino Caputo , Takashi Tsunoda , Tran Chi Cuong , Yoshihide Maekawa , Sai Gek Lam-Phua , Verena Pichler , Kentaro Itokawa , Katsunori Murota , Osamu Komagata , Chigusa Yoshida , Han-Hsuan Chung , Romeo Bellini , Yoshio Tsuda , Hwa-Jen Teng , José Luiz de Lima Filho , Luiz Carlos Alves , Lee Ching Ng , Noboru Minakawa , Nguyen Thi Yen , Tran Vu Phong , Kyoko Sawabe and Takashi TomitaIntroductionAedes albopictus (Skuse) is an important vector of arboviral diseases, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus disease. Monitoring insecticide resistance and mechanisms by which the mosquito develops resistance is crucial to minimise disease transmission.
AimTo determine insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in Ae. albopictus from different geographical regions.
MethodsWe sampled 33 populations of Ae. albopictus from Asia, Europe and South America, and tested these for susceptibility to permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide. In resistant populations, the target site for pyrethroids, a voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) was genotyped. Three resistant sub-strains, each harbouring a resistance allele homozygously, were established and susceptibilities to three different pyrethroids (with and without a cytochrome P450 inhibitor) were assayed.
ResultsMost populations of Ae. albopictus tested were highly susceptible to permethrin but a few from Italy and Vietnam (4/33), exhibited high-level resistance. Genotyping studies detected a knockdown resistance (kdr) allele V1016G in Vssc for the first time in Ae. albopictus. Two previously reported kdr alleles, F1534C and F1534S, were also detected. The bioassays indicated that the strain homozygous for the V1016G allele showed much greater levels of pyrethroid resistance than other strains harbouring F1534C or F1534S.
ConclusionThe V1016G allele was detected in bothAsian and Italian Ae. albopictus populations, thus a spread of this allele beyond Italy in Europe cannot be ruled out. This study emphasises the necessity to frequently and regularly monitor the V1016G allele in Ae. albopictus, particularly where this mosquito species is the main vector of arboviruses.
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 29 (2024)
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Volume 28 (2023)
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Volume 27 (2022)
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Volume 26 (2021)
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Volume 25 (2020)
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Volume 24 (2019)
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Volume 23 (2018)
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Volume 22 (2017)
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Volume 21 (2016)
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Volume 20 (2015)
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Volume 19 (2014)
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Volume 18 (2013)
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Volume 17 (2012)
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Volume 16 (2011)
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Volume 15 (2010)
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Volume 14 (2009)
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Volume 13 (2008)
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Volume 12 (2007)
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Volume 11 (2006)
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Volume 10 (2005)
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Volume 9 (2004)
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Volume 8 (2003)
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Volume 7 (2002)
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Volume 6 (2001)
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Volume 5 (2000)
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Volume 4 (1999)
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Volume 3 (1998)
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Volume 2 (1997)
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Volume 1 (1996)
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Volume 0 (1995)
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