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- Volume 28, Issue 24, 15/Jun/2023
Eurosurveillance - Volume 28, Issue 24, 15 June 2023
Volume 28, Issue 24, 2023
- Rapid communication
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Fulminant echovirus 11 hepatitis in male non-identical twins in northern Italy, April 2023
Antonio Piralla , Alessandro Borghesi , Amelia Di Comite , Federica Giardina , Guglielmo Ferrari , Simona Zanette , Tiziana Angelica Figar , Micol Angelini , Camilla Pisoni , Antonino Maria Guglielmo Pitrolo , Stefania Paolucci , Francesca Rovida , Isabella Pellicioli , Ezio Bonanomi , Fausto Baldanti and Stefano GhirardelloEchovirus 11 (E11) has recently been associated with a series of nine neonatal cases of severe hepatitis in France. Here, we present severe hepatitis caused by E11 in a pair of twins. In one of the neonates, the clinical picture evolved to fulminant hepatitis. The E11 genome showed 99% nucleotide identity with E11 strains reported in the cases in France. Rapid genome characterisation using next generation sequencing is essential to identify new and more pathogenetic variants.
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SDG 3: Tuberculosis
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Tuberculosis in times of war and crisis: Epidemiological trends and characteristics of patients born in Ukraine, Germany, 2022
The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 caused a large migration to other European countries, including Germany. This movement impacted the TB epidemiology, as Ukraine has a higher prevalence of TB and multidrug-resistant TB rates compared to Germany. Our descriptive analysis of TB surveillance data reveals important information to improve TB care in people displaced from Ukraine. We observed an expected increase in the number of TB patients born in Ukraine, which is, however, so far below WHO/Europe estimates.
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- Surveillance
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Rare cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination, Germany, December 2020 to August 2021
BackgroundGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has been associated with vaccination against COVID-19.
AimWe aimed to compare clinical characteristics and analyse excess GBS cases following administration of different COVID-19 and influenza vaccines in Germany versus the expected numbers estimated from pre-pandemic background incidence rates.
MethodsWe analysed safety surveillance data reported to the German national competent authority between 27 December 2020 and 31 August 2021. GBS cases were validated according to Brighton Collaboration (BC) criteria. We conducted observed vs expected (OvE) analyses on cases fulfilling BC criteria levels 1 to 4 for all four European Medicines Agency-approved COVID-19 vaccines and for influenza vaccines.
ResultsA total of 214 GBS cases after COVID-19 vaccination had been reported, of whom 156 were eligible for further analysis. Standardised morbidity ratio estimates 3–42 days after vaccination were 0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25–0.44) for Comirnaty, 0.38 (95% CI: 0.15–0.79) for Spikevax, 3.10 (95% CI: 2.44–3.88) for Vaxzevria, 4.16 (95% CI: 2.64–6.24) for COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.35–0.94) for influenza vaccines. Bilateral facial paresis was reported in 19.7% and 26.1% of the 156 GBS cases following vaccination with Vaxzevria and COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen, respectively, and only in 6% of cases exposed to Comirnaty.
ConclusionThree and four times more GBS cases than expected were reported after vaccination with Vaxzevria and COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen, respectively, therefore GBS might be an adverse event of vector-based vaccines. Bifacial paresis was more common in cases with GBS following vaccination with vector-based than mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.
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- Research
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Post-exposure vaccine effectiveness and contact management in the mpox outbreak, Madrid, Spain, May to August 2022
Laura Montero Morales , José Francisco Barbas del Buey , Marcos Alonso García , Noelia Cenamor Largo , Alba Nieto Juliá , María C Vázquez Torres , Susana Jiménez Bueno , Andrés Aragón Peña , Elisa Gil Montalbán , Jesús Íñigo Martínez , María Alonso Colón , Araceli Arce Arnáez and on behalf of Madrid Surveillance Network and Vaccination Centre of Madrid RegionBackgroundAppropriate vaccination strategies have been key to controlling the outbreak of mpox outside endemic areas in 2022, yet few studies have provided information on mpox vaccine effectiveness (VE).
AimTo assess VE after one dose of a third-generation smallpox vaccine against mpox when given as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) within 14 days.
MethodsA survival analysis in a prospective cohort of close contacts of laboratory-confirmed mpox cases was conducted from the beginning of the outbreak in the region of Madrid in May 2022. The study included contacts of cases in this region diagnosed between 17 May and 15 August 2022. Follow up was up to 49 days. A multivariate proportional hazard model was used to evaluate VE in the presence of confounding and interaction.
ResultsInformation was obtained from 484 close contacts, of which 230 were vaccinated within 14 days of exposure. Of the close contacts, 57 became ill during follow-up, eight vaccinated and 49 unvaccinated. The adjusted effectiveness of the vaccine was 88.8% (95% CI: 76.0–94.7). Among sexual contacts, VE was 93.6% (95% CI: 72.1–98.5) for non-cohabitants and 88.6% (95% CI: 66.1–96.2) for cohabitants.
ConclusionPost-exposure prophylaxis of close contacts of mpox cases is an effective measure that can contribute to reducing the number of cases and eventually the symptoms of breakthrough infections. The continued use of PEP together with pre-exposure prophylaxis by vaccination and other population-targeted prevention measures are key factors in controlling an mpox outbreak.
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- Perspective
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Innovative platforms for data aggregation, linkage and analysis in the context of pandemic and epidemic intelligence
During the COVID-19 pandemic, open-access platforms that aggregate, link and analyse data were transformative for global public health surveillance. This perspective explores the work of three of these platforms: Our World In Data (OWID), Johns Hopkins University (JHU) COVID-19 Dashboard (later complemented by the Coronavirus Resource Center), and Global.Health, which were presented in the second World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence Innovation Forum. These platforms, operating mostly within academic institutions, added value to public health data that are collected by government agencies by providing additional real-time public health intelligence about the spread of the virus and the evolution of the public health emergency. Information from these platforms was used by health professionals, political decision-makers and members of the public alike. Further engagement between government and non-governmental surveillance efforts can accelerate the improvements needed in public health surveillance overall. Increasing the diversity of public health surveillance initiatives beyond the government sector comes with several benefits: technology innovation in data science, engagement of additional highly skilled professionals, greater transparency and accountability for government agencies, and new opportunities to engage with members of society.
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- Author's correction
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Volumes & issues
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Volume 29 (2024)
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Volume 28 (2023)
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Volume 27 (2022)
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Volume 26 (2021)
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Volume 25 (2020)
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Volume 24 (2019)
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Volume 23 (2018)
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Volume 22 (2017)
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Volume 21 (2016)
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Volume 20 (2015)
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Volume 19 (2014)
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Volume 18 (2013)
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Volume 17 (2012)
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Volume 16 (2011)
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Volume 15 (2010)
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Volume 14 (2009)
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Volume 13 (2008)
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Volume 12 (2007)
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Volume 11 (2006)
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Volume 10 (2005)
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Volume 9 (2004)
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Volume 8 (2003)
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Volume 7 (2002)
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Volume 6 (2001)
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Volume 5 (2000)
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Volume 4 (1999)
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Volume 3 (1998)
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Volume 2 (1997)
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Volume 1 (1996)
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Volume 0 (1995)
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