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Abstract

Following notification of a serovar Typhimurium gastroenteritis outbreak, we identified 82 cases linked to a restaurant with symptom onset from 12 February 2015 to 8 March 2016. Seventy-two cases had an isolate matching the nationally unique whole genome sequencing profile (single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) address: 1.1.1.124.395.395). Interviews established exposure to the restaurant and subsequent case–control analysis identified an association with eating carvery buffet food (adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 20.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2 – ∞). Environmental inspections, food/water testing, and a food trace-back investigation were inconclusive. Repeated cycles of cleaning were undertaken, including hydrogen peroxide fogging, however, transmission continued. After 7 months of investigation, environmental swabbing identified 106 isolates from kitchen surfaces and restaurant drains matching the outbreak profile. We found structural faults with the drainage system and hypothesised that a reservoir of bacteria in drain biofilm and underfloor flooded areas may have sustained this outbreak. Ineffective drain water-traps (U-bends) may have also contributed by allowing transmission of contaminated aerosols into the kitchen environment. These findings suggest that routine swabbing of sink drain points and inspection of drainage systems should be considered in future outbreak scenarios.

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/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.49.17-00037
2017-12-07
2024-11-22
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.49.17-00037
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Investigation using whole genome sequencing of a prolonged restaurant outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium linked to the building drainage system, England, February 2015 to March 2016
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=John+Mair-Jenkins&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Mair-Jenkins John</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Roberta+Borges-Stewart&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Borges-Stewart Roberta</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Caroline+Harbour&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Harbour Caroline</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Judith+Cox-Rogers&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Cox-Rogers Judith</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Tim+Dallman&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Dallman Tim</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Philip+Ashton&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ashton Philip</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Robert+Johnston&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Johnston Robert</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Deborah+Modha&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Modha Deborah</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Philip+Monk&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Monk Philip</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Richard+Puleston&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Puleston Richard</a></span>. Investigation using whole genome sequencing of a prolonged restaurant outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium linked to the building drainage system, England, February 2015 to March 2016. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2017;22(49):pii=17-00037. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.49.17-00037" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.49.17-00037</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 11 Jan 2017;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 04 Jun 2017 </span> </p>
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