1887
  1. Home
  2. Eurosurveillance
  3. Volume 22, Issue 28, 13/Jul/2017
  4. Article
Research article Open Access
Like 0
Download

Abstract

Pertussis is most severe among unvaccinated infants (< 1 year of age), and still leads to several reported deaths in the Netherlands every year. In order to avoid pertussis-related infant morbidity and mortality, pertussis surveillance data are used to guide pertussis control measures. However, more insight into the accuracy of pertussis surveillance and control, and into the range of healthcare and public health-related factors that impede this are needed. We analysed a unique combination of data sources from one Dutch region of 1.1 million residents, including data from laboratory databases and local public health notifications between 2010 and 2013. This large study (n = 12,090 pertussis tests) reveals possible misdiagnoses, substantial under-notification (18%, 412/2,301 laboratory positive episodes) and a delay between patient symptoms and notification to the local public health services (median 34 days, interquartile range (IQR): 27–54). It is likely that the misdiagnoses, under-notification and overall delay in surveillance data are not unique to this area of the Netherlands, and are generalisable to other countries in Europe. In addition to preventive measures such as maternal immunisation, based on current findings, we further recommend greater adherence to testing guidelines, standardisation of test interpretation guidelines, use of automatic notification systems and earlier preventive measures.

© Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.28.30571
2017-07-13
2024-12-11
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.28.30571
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/22/28/eurosurv-22-28-4.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.28.30571&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. WHO. Pertussis vaccines: WHO position paper - September 2015. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2015;90(35):433-58. PMID: 26320265 
  2. Pluta RM, Lynm C, Glass RM. Pertussis. JAMA. 2010;304(8):922.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.304.8.922  PMID: 20736479 
  3. Locht C, Mielcarek N. New pertussis vaccination approaches: en route to protect newborns? FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012;66(2):121-33.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2012.00988.x  PMID: 22574832 
  4. van der Maas NAT, Mooi FR, Berbers GAM, Swaan C, de Greeff S, de Melker HE. Kinkhoest, terug van weggeweest. [Recurrence of pertussis]. Infectieziekten Bulletin. 2012;23(8):229-34. Dutch. Available from: http://www.rivm.nl/dsresource?objectid=a57c96e4-a421-4e81-a292-92aeebb5092c&type=org&disposition=inline
  5. Crowcroft NS, Pebody RG. Recent developments in pertussis. Lancet. 2006;367(9526):1926-36.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68848-X  PMID: 16765762 
  6. van Wijhe M, McDonald SA, de Melker HE, Postma MJ, Wallinga J. Effect of vaccination programmes on mortality burden among children and young adults in the Netherlands during the 20th century: a historical analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(5):592-8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00027-X  PMID: 26873665 
  7. Pebody RG, Gay NJ, Giammanco A, Baron S, Schellekens J, Tischer A, et al. The seroepidemiology of Bordetella pertussis infection in Western Europe. Epidemiol Infect. 2005;133(1):159-71.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268804003012  PMID: 15724723 
  8. Zepp F, Heininger U, Mertsola J, Bernatowska E, Guiso N, Roord J, et al. Rationale for pertussis booster vaccination throughout life in Europe. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(7):557-70.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70007-X  PMID: 21600850 
  9. von König CH, Halperin S, Riffelmann M, Guiso N. Pertussis of adults and infants. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2(12):744-50.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00452-8  PMID: 12467690 
  10. World Health Organization (WHO). Global and regional immunization profile. Geneva: WHO; 2017. Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/gs_gloprofile.pdf?ua=1
  11. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Observatory Data Respository. By category > Mortality and global health estimates > Child mortality > Causes of child death > Number of deaths by cause > By region > World. Geneva: WHO. [Accessed 26 Sep 2016]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.ChildMortREG100?lang=en.
  12. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Annual epidemiological report 2014 - Vaccine-preventable diseases. Stockholm: ECDC; 2014.Available from: https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/AER-2014-VPD-FINAL.pdf
  13. McDonald SA, Teunis P, van der Maas N, de Greeff S, de Melker H, Kretzschmar ME. An evidence synthesis approach to estimating the incidence of symptomatic pertussis infection in the Netherlands, 2005-2011. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15(1):588.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1324-y  PMID: 26715486 
  14. Schurink-van ’t Klooster TM, de Melker HE. The National Immunisation Programme in the Netherlands: Developments in 2013. Bilthoven: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM); 2013. Available from: http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/150202002.pdf
  15. de Greeff SC, de Melker HE, van Gageldonk PGM, Schellekens JFP, van der Klis FRM, Mollema L, et al. Seroprevalence of pertussis in The Netherlands: evidence for increased circulation of Bordetella pertussis. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e14183.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014183  PMID: 21152071 
  16. Cherry JD. Why do pertussis vaccines fail? Pediatrics. 2012;129(5):968-70.  https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2594  PMID: 22529282 
  17. WHO. Pertussis vaccines: WHO position paper, August 2015--Recommendations. Vaccine. 2016;34(12):1423-5.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.136  PMID: 26562318 
  18. Gezondheidsraad. Vaccinatie tegen kinkhoest: doel en strategie. [Vaccination against pertussis: aims and strategy]. The Hague: Gezondheidsraad; 2015. Dutch. Available from: https://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/201529_vaccinatie_tegen_kinkhoestdoel_en_strategie.pdf
  19. Amirthalingam G, Andrews N, Campbell H, Ribeiro S, Kara E, Donegan K, et al. Effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination in England: an observational study. Lancet. 2014;384(9953):1521-8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60686-3  PMID: 25037990 
  20. Dabrera G, Amirthalingam G, Andrews N, Campbell H, Ribeiro S, Kara E, et al. A case-control study to estimate the effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination in protecting newborn infants in England and Wales, 2012-2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(3):333-7.  https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu821  PMID: 25332078 
  21. de Greeff S, de Melker HE, Mooi FR. Kinkhoest in Nederland. [Pertussis in the Netherlands]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2010;154: A1383. Dutch. Available from: https://www.ntvg.nl/artikelen/kinkhoest-nederland/artikelinfo PMID:20170575
  22. de Greeff SC, Mooi FR, Schellekens JFP, de Melker HE. Impact of acellular pertussis preschool booster vaccination on disease burden of pertussis in The Netherlands. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27(3):218-23.  https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e318161a2b9  PMID: 18277916 
  23. Wet Publieke Gezondheid. [Public Health Act]. Pub. L. No. BWBR0024705. (9 Oct 2008). Dutch. Available from: http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0024705/2016-08-01
  24. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). LCI - richtlijn kinkhoest. [LCI guideline on pertussis]. Bilthoven: RIVM; 2012. Dutch. Available from: http://www.rivm.nl/dsresource?objectid=c81bbf6c-1047-476b-bfbd-057f7ade3614&type=pdf&disposition=inline
  25. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO-recommended standards for surveillance of selected vaccine-preventable diseases. Geneva: WHO; 2003. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/68334/1/WHO_V-B_03.01_eng.pdf
  26. Wood N, McIntyre P. Pertussis: review of epidemiology, diagnosis, management and prevention. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2008;9(3):201-11, quiz 211-2.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2008.05.010  PMID: 18694712 
  27. He Q, Barkoff AM, Mertsola J, Glismann S, Bacci S. High heterogeneity in methods used for the laboratory confirmation of pertussis diagnosis among European countries, 2010: integration of epidemiological and laboratory surveillance must include standardisation of methodologies and quality assurance. Euro Surveill. 2012;17(32):20239. PMID: 22913939 
  28. Winter K, Harriman K, Zipprich J, Schechter R, Talarico J, Watt J, et al. California pertussis epidemic, 2010. J Pediatr. 2012;161(6):1091-6.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.041  PMID: 22819634 
  29. Barret AS, Ryan A, Breslin A, Cullen L, Murray A, Grogan J, et al. Pertussis outbreak in northwest Ireland, January - June 2010. Euro Surveill. 2010;15(35):19654. PMID: 20822735 
  30. Dempsey AF, Cowan AE, Broder KR, Kretsinger K, Stokley S, Clark SJ. Diagnosis and testing practices for adolescent pertussis among a national sample of primary care physicians. Prev Med. 2009;48(5):500-4.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.02.020  PMID: 19264095 
  31. Solano R, Crespo I, Fernández MI, Valero C, Álvarez MI, Godoy P, et al. Underdetection and underreporting of pertussis in children attended in primary health care centers: Do surveillance systems require improvement? Am J Infect Control. 2016;44(11):e251-6.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.033  PMID: 27184210 
  32. Bonačić Marinović A, Swaan C, van Steenbergen J, Kretzschmar M. Quantifying reporting timeliness to improve outbreak control. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(2):209-16.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2102.130504  PMID: 25625374 
  33. Kraaij – Dirkzwager M. Ottovay K, Kardamanidis K, Swaan C. Melding op tijd of te laat? Terugkoppelingsrapportages aan GGD hebben meerwaarde. [Notification in time or too late? Feedback reports to PHS have added value]. Infectieziekten Bulletin. 2015;26(8):175-9. Dutch. Available from: http://www.rivm.nl/dsresource?objectid=78965b5f-854b-4cb4-bd9f-fc02ff4c4c5a&type=org&disposition=inline
  34. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (CBS). Regionale kerncijfers Nederland. [Regional key figures the Netherlands]. The Hague: CBS. [Accessed 26 Sep 2016]. Dutch. Available from: http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=70072NED&D1=1-2,12-23,42-45,51-56&D2=0,16&D3=18&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2&VW=T
  35. van der Zee A, Schellekens JF, Mooi FR. Laboratory Diagnosis of Pertussis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28(4):1005-26.  https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00031-15  PMID: 26354823 
  36. Riffelmann M, Thiel K, Schmetz J, Wirsing von Koenig CH. Performance of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to Bordetella pertussis. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(12):4459-63.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01371-10  PMID: 20943873 
  37. Xing D, Markey K, Newland P, Rigsby P, Hockley J, He Q. EUVAC.NET collaborative study: evaluation and standardisation of serology for diagnosis of pertussis. J Immunol Methods. 2011;372(1-2):137-45.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2011.07.005  PMID: 21782823 
  38. Giammanco A, Chiarini A, Maple PA, Andrews N, Pebody R, Gay N, et al. European Sero-Epidemiology Network: standardisation of the assay results for pertussis. Vaccine. 2003;22(1):112-20.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00514-0  PMID: 14604578 
  39. de Melker HE, Versteegh FG, Conyn-van Spaendonck MA, Elvers LH, Berbers GA, van der Zee A, et al. Specificity and sensitivity of high levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies against pertussis toxin in a single serum sample for diagnosis of infection with Bordetella pertussis. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(2):800-6. PMID: 10655388 
  40. Guiso N, Berbers G, Fry NK, He Q, Riffelmann M, Wirsing von König CH. What to do and what not to do in serological diagnosis of pertussis: recommendations from EU reference laboratories. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;30(3):307-12.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-010-1104-y  PMID: 21069406 
  41. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Guidance and protocol for the serological diagnosis of human infection with Bordetella pertussis. Stockholm: ECDC; 2012. Available from: https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/bordetella-pertussis-guidance-protocol-serological-diagnosis.pdf
  42. Gonfiantini MV, Carloni E, Gesualdo F, Pandolfi E, Agricola E, Rizzuto E, et al. Epidemiology of pertussis in Italy: disease trends over the last century. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(40):20921.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.40.20921  PMID: 25323077 
  43. Niessen WJ, Broer J, Schellekens JF. Meldingsplicht voor kinkhoest niet effectief om ongevaccineerde kinderen te beschermen. [The obligatory notification of pertussis is not effective for the protection of unvaccinated children]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2008;152(2):86-90. Dutch. PMID: 18265798 
  44. Meldingsnorm voor meldingsplichtige ziekten. [Notification norm for notifiable diseases]. (2017). Dutch. Available from: http://www.rivm.nl/Documenten_en_publicaties/Algemeen_Actueel/Uitgaven/Infectieziekten/Meldingsnorm_voor_meldingsplichtige_ziekten
  45. Verheij TJM, Hopstaken RM, Prins JM, Salomé PL, Bindels PJ, Ponsioen BP, et al. NHG-Standaard Acuut hoesten (eerste herziening). [NHG guideline on acute coughing]. Huisarts Wet. 2011;54(2):68-92. Dutch. Available from: https://www.nhg.org/standaarden/volledig/nhg-standaard-acuut-hoesten
  46. Teepe J, Broekhuizen BD, Ieven M, Loens K, Huygen K, Kretzschmar M, et al. Prevalence, diagnosis, and disease course of pertussis in adults with acute cough: a prospective, observational study in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015;65(639):e662-7.  https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp15X686917  PMID: 26412843 
  47. Kauhl B, Heil J, Hoebe CJPA, Schweikart J, Krafft T, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM. Is the current pertussis incidence only the results of testing? A spatial and space-time analysis of pertussis surveillance data using cluster detection methods and geographically weighted regression modelling. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0172383.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172383  PMID: 28278180 
Pertussis surveillance and control: exploring variations and delays in testing, laboratory diagnostics and public health service notifications, the Netherlands, 2010 to 2013
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Jeanne+Heil&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Heil Jeanne</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Henri%C3%ABtte+L+G+ter+Waarbeek&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">ter Waarbeek Henriëtte L G</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Christian+J+P+A+Hoebe&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Hoebe Christian J P A</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Peter+H+A+Jacobs&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Jacobs Peter H A</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Dirk+W+van+Dam&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van Dam Dirk W</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Thera+A+M+Trienekens&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Trienekens Thera A M</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Jochen+W+L+Cals&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Cals Jochen W L</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Inge+H+M+van+Loo&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">van Loo Inge H M</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Nicole+H+T+M+Dukers-Muijrers&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H T M</a></span>. Pertussis surveillance and control: exploring variations and delays in testing, laboratory diagnostics and public health service notifications, the Netherlands, 2010 to 2013. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2017;22(28):pii=30571. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.28.30571" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.28.30571</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 03 Oct 2016;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 22 Feb 2017 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.28.30571
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.28.30571
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error