1887
  1. Home
  2. Eurosurveillance
  3. Volume 22, Issue 13, 30/Mar/2017
  4. Article
Research article Open Access
Like 0
Download

Abstract

Understanding Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) transmission in dromedary camels is important, as they consitute a source of zoonotic infection to humans. To identify risk factors for MERS-CoV infection in camels bred in diverse conditions in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Morocco, blood samples and nasal swabs were sampled in February–March 2015. A relatively high MERS-CoV RNA rate was detected in Ethiopia (up to 15.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.2–28.0), followed by Burkina Faso (up to 12.2%; 95% CI: 7–20.4) and Morocco (up to 7.6%; 95% CI: 1.9–26.1). The RNA detection rate was higher in camels bred for milk or meat than in camels for transport (p = 0.01) as well as in younger camels (p = 0.06). High seropositivity rates (up to 100%; 95% CI: 100–100 and 99.4%; 95% CI: 95.4–99.9) were found in Morocco and Ethiopia, followed by Burkina Faso (up to 84.6%; 95% CI: 77.2–89.9). Seropositivity rates were higher in large/medium herds (≥51 camels) than small herds (p = 0.061), in camels raised for meat or milk than for transport (p = 0.01), and in nomadic or sedentary herds than in herds with a mix of these lifestyles (p < 0.005).

© Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30498
2017-03-30
2024-11-28
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30498
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/22/13/eurosurv-22-30498-3.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30498&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Hilgenfeld R, Peiris M. From SARS to MERS: 10 years of research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. Antiviral Res. 2013;100(1):286-95.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.015  PMID: 24012996 
  2. WHO World Health Organization (WHO). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Geneva: WHO; 2016. Available from:http://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en
  3. Seven days: 1–7 May 2015.Outbreak ending. Nature. 2015;523(7562):506-7.  https://doi.org/10.1038/523506a 
  4. Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: transmission and phylogenetic evolution. Trends Microbiol. 2014;22(10):573-9.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2014.08.001  PMID: 25178651 
  5. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Munster VJ. Stability of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) under different environmental conditions. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(38):20590.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.38.20590  PMID: 24084338 
  6. Khalafalla AI, Lu X, Al-Mubarak AI, Dalab AH, Al-Busadah KA, Erdman DD. MERS-CoV in Upper Respiratory Tract and Lungs of Dromedary Camels, Saudi Arabia, 2013-2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(7):1153-8.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2107.150070  PMID: 26079346 
  7. Reusken CB, Farag EA, Jonges M, Godeke GJ, El-Sayed AM, Pas SD, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) RNA and neutralising antibodies in milk collected according to local customs from dromedary camels, Qatar, April 2014. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(23):20829.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.23.20829  PMID: 24957745 
  8. Adney DR, van Doremalen N, Brown VR, Bushmaker T, Scott D, de Wit E, et al. Replication and shedding of MERS-CoV in upper respiratory tract of inoculated dromedary camels. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(12):1999-2005.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2012.141280  PMID: 25418529 
  9. Gossner C, Danielson N, Gervelmeyer A, Berthe F, Faye B, Kaasik Aaslav K, et al. Human-Dromedary Camel Interactions and the Risk of Acquiring Zoonotic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. Zoonoses Public Health. 2016;63(1):1-9.  https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12171  PMID: 25545147 
  10. Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl TM, Price CS, Al Rabeeah AA, Cummings DA, et al. KSA MERS-CoV Investigation Team. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(5):407-16.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1306742  PMID: 23782161 
  11. Oboho IK, Tomczyk SM, Al-Asmari AM, Banjar AA, Al-Mugti H, Aloraini MS, et al. 2014 MERS-CoV outbreak in Jeddah--a link to health care facilities. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(9):846-54.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1408636  PMID: 25714162 
  12. Assiri A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Rabeeah AA, Al-Rabiah FA, Al-Hajjar S, Al-Barrak A, et al. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(9):752-61.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70204-4  PMID: 23891402 
  13. News at a glance. Science. 2015;350(6267):1446-8.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.350.6267.1446 
  14. Wang Q, Wong G, Lu G, Yan J, Gao GF. MERS-CoV spike protein: Targets for vaccines and therapeutics. Antiviral Res. 2016;133:165-77.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.015  PMID: 27468951 
  15. Haagmans BL, van den Brand JM, Raj VS, Volz A, Wohlsein P, Smits SL, et al. An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels. Science. 2016;351(6268):77-81.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad1283  PMID: 26678878 
  16. Nowotny N, Kolodziejek J. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels, Oman, 2013. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(16):20781.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.16.20781  PMID: 24786259 
  17. Azhar EI, El-Kafrawy SA, Farraj SA, Hassan AM, Al-Saeed MS, Hashem AM, et al. Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(26):2499-505.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1401505  PMID: 24896817 
  18. Chu DKW, Poon LL, Gomaa MM, Shehata MM, Perera RA, Abu Zeid D, et al. MERS coronaviruses in dromedary camels, Egypt. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(6):1049-53.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2006.140299  PMID: 24856660 
  19. Müller MA, Corman VM, Jores J, Meyer B, Younan M, Liljander A, et al. MERS coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in camels, Eastern Africa, 1983-1997. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(12):2093-5.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2012.141026  PMID: 25425139 
  20. Reusken CB, Messadi L, Feyisa A, Ularamu H, Godeke GJ, Danmarwa A, et al. Geographic distribution of MERS coronavirus among dromedary camels, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(8):1370-4.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2008.140590  PMID: 25062254 
  21. Corman VM, Jores J, Meyer B, Younan M, Liljander A, Said MY, et al. Antibodies against MERS coronavirus in dromedary camels, Kenya, 1992-2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(8):1319-22.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2008.140596  PMID: 25075637 
  22. Liljander A, Meyer B, Jores J, Müller MA, Lattwein E, Njeru I, et al. MERS-CoV Antibodies in Humans, Africa, 2013-2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(6):1086-9.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2206.160064  PMID: 27071076 
  23. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Animal production and health. Rome: FAO; 2015. Available from: http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/news_220515b.html
  24. Faye B. The camel, new challenges for a sustainable development. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2016;48(4):689-92.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-0995-8  PMID: 26922737 
  25. Faye B, Chaibou M,, Vias G,. Integrated Impact of Climate Change and Socioeconomic Development on the Evolution of Camel Farming Systems. British Journal of Environment & Climate Change. 2012;2(3):227-44.  https://doi.org/10.9734/BJECC/2012/1548 
  26. Faye B, Launois M, Kriska M. Le dromadaire pédagogique. [The Educational Dromedary]. Cirad - Collection les savoir partagés; 2002.French.
  27. Organisation Internationale des Epizooties (OIE). World Animal Health Information Database (WAHID) Interface. Paris:OIE; 2014.
  28. Olson DM, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake ED, Burgess ND, Powell GVN, Underwood EC, et al. Terrestrial ecoregions of the worlds: A new map of life on Earth. Bioscience. 2001;51(11):933-8.  https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 
  29. Perera RA, Wang P, Gomaa MR, El-Shesheny R, Kandeil A, Bagato O, et al. Seroepidemiology for MERS coronavirus using microneutralisation and pseudoparticle virus neutralisation assays reveal a high prevalence of antibody in dromedary camels in Egypt, June 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(36):20574.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.36.20574  PMID: 24079378 
  30. Park SW, Perera RA, Choe PG, Lau EH, Choi SJ, Chun JY, et al. Comparison of serological assays in human Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus infection. Euro Surveill. 2015;20(41):30042.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.41.30042  PMID: 26538277 
  31. Bolker BM, Brooks ME, Clark CJ, Geange SW, Poulsen JR, Stevens MH, et al. Generalized linear mixed models: a practical guide for ecology and evolution. Trends Ecol Evol. 2009;24(3):127-35.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.10.008  PMID: 19185386 
  32. Burnham KP, Anderson DR. Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach. Verlag, New York, USA: Springer; 2002.
  33. R Core Team., R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. 2016.
  34. Reusken CBEM, Haagmans BL, Müller MA, Gutierrez C, Godeke GJ, Meyer B, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(10):859-66.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70164-6  PMID: 23933067 
  35. Faye B. Camel meat in the world. In: Kadim, I., O. Maghoub, B. Faye, and M. Farouk (eds), Camel meat and meat products. Oxfordshire, UK: CABI.2013. pp. 7-16.
  36. Hemida MG, Perera RA, Wang P, Alhammadi MA, Siu LY, Li M, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(50):20659.  https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2013.18.50.20659  PMID: 24342517 
  37. Meyer B, Juhasz J, Barua R, Das Gupta A, Hakimuddin F, Corman VM, et al. Time Course of MERS-CoV Infection and Immunity in Dromedary Camels. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(12):2171-3.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2212.160382  PMID: 27224315 
  38. Hemida MG, Chu DK, Poon LL, Perera RA, Alhammadi MA, Ng HY, et al. MERS coronavirus in dromedary camel herd, Saudi Arabia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(7):1231-4.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2007.140571  PMID: 24964193 
  39. McCallum H, Barlow N, Hone J. How should pathogen transmission be modelled? Trends Ecol Evol. 2001;16(6):295-300.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02144-9  PMID: 11369107 
  40. Alraddadi BM, Watson JT, Almarashi A, Abedi GR, Turkistani A, Sadran M, et al. Risk Factors for Primary Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Illness in Humans, Saudi Arabia, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22(1):49-55.  https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2201.151340  PMID: 26692185 
  41. Deem SL, Fèvre EM, Kinnaird M, Browne AS, Muloi D, Godeke GJ, et al. Serological Evidence of MERS-CoV Antibodies in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Laikipia County, Kenya. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140125.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140125  PMID: 26473733 
Risk factors for MERS coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Morocco, 2015
<p class="citation"> <span>Citation style for this article:</span> <span class="meta-value authors"> <a href="/search?value1=Eve+Miguel&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Miguel Eve</a>, <a href="/search?value1=V%C3%A9ronique+Chevalier&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Chevalier Véronique</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Gelagay+Ayelet&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ayelet Gelagay</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Med+Nadir+Ben+Bencheikh&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ben Bencheikh Med Nadir</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Hiver+Boussini&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Boussini Hiver</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Daniel+KW+Chu&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Chu Daniel KW</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ikhlass+El+Berbri&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">El Berbri Ikhlass</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ouaffa+Fassi-Fihri&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Fassi-Fihri Ouaffa</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Bernard+Faye&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Faye Bernard</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Getnet+Fekadu&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Fekadu Getnet</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Vladimir+Grosbois&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Grosbois Vladimir</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Bryan+CY+Ng&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Ng Bryan CY</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Ranawaka+APM+Perera&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Perera Ranawaka APM</a>, <a href="/search?value1=TY+So&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">So TY</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Amadou+Traore&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Traore Amadou</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Fran%C3%A7ois+Roger&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Roger François</a>, <a href="/search?value1=Malik+Peiris&option1=author&noRedirect=true" class="nonDisambigAuthorLink">Peiris Malik</a></span>. Risk factors for MERS coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Morocco, 2015. <a href="/content/ecdc">Euro Surveill.</a> 2017;22(13):pii=30498. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30498" title="doi link" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30498</a> <span class="ES_Article_citation"> <span class="generated">Received</span>: 16 Jun 2016;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="generated">Accepted</span>: 03 Feb 2017 </span> </p>
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30498
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30498
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error