1887
Research article Open Access
Like 0
This item has no PDF Download

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a serious public health concern and one of the major public health priorities. In 2005, it was estimated that there are 185 million anti-HCV positive people in the world, which constitutes 2.8% of the global population. Our study estimates the anti-HCV seroprevalence in the working age population (15–64 years-old), mostly urban and suburban residents, in Poland from 2004 to 2014. The studied group consisted of 61,805 working-age population representatives whose data were obtained from electronic medical records of an outpatient clinic network operating on a countrywide level. Positive anti-HCV test results were obtained in 957 patients, representing 1.5% of the whole population studied throughout the analysed period. The average age of all anti-HCV positive patients was 36.8 years. Analysis of the data suggests that the proportion of anti-HCV positive patients decreased over the study period (mean positive anti-HCV = -0.0017 × year + 3.3715; R2 = 0.7558). In 2004, positive results were noted among 3.2% of patients undergoing HCV antibody tests, but in 2014, the percentage of patients with a positive result stood at 1.1%. The apparent decrease affected men and women similarly. Our study also provides evidence that screening people born before 1965 could be beneficial.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.2.30441
2017-01-12
2024-03-19
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.2.30441
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/22/2/eurosurv-22-30441-5.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.2.30441&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Stanaway JD, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Fitzmaurice C, Vos T, Abubakar I, et al. The global burden of viral hepatitis from 1990 to 2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2016;388(10049):1081-8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30579-7  PMID: 27394647 
  2. Wedemeyer H, Dore GJ, Ward JW. Estimates on HCV disease burden worldwide - filling the gaps. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(Suppl 1):1-5.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12371  PMID: 25560838 
  3. Poynard T, Ratziu V, Benmanov Y, Di Martino V, Bedossa P, Opolon P. Fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: detection and significance. Semin Liver Dis. 2000;20(1):47-55.  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-9258  PMID: 10895431 
  4. Poynard T, Bedossa P, Opolon P, for the OBSVIRC, METAVIR, CLINIVIR and DOSVIRC groups. Natural history of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Lancet. 1997;349(9055):825-32.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07642-8  PMID: 9121257 
  5. Razavi H, Waked I, Sarrazin C, Myers RP, Idilman R, Calinas F, et al. The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with today’s treatment paradigm. J Viral Hepat. 2014;21(Suppl 1):34-59.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12248  PMID: 24713005 
  6. World Health Organization (WHO). Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis Infection: Framework for Global Action. Geneva: WHO; 2012. Available from: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/hepatitis/Framework/en/
  7. Suzuki K, Mizokami M, Lau JY, Mizoguchi N, Kato K, Mizuno Y, et al. Confirmation of hepatitis C virus transmission through needlestick accidents by molecular evolutionary analysis. J Infect Dis. 1994;170(6):1575-8.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/170.6.1575  PMID: 7527827 
  8. Foberg U, Ekermo B, Widell A, Mathiesen U, Fryden A. Hepatitis C virus transmission, 1988-1991, via blood components from donors subsequently found to be anti-HCV-positive. Scand J Infect Dis. 1996;28(1):21-6.  https://doi.org/10.3109/00365549609027144  PMID: 9122627 
  9. Verbaan H, Andersson K, Eriksson S. Intravenous drug abuse--the major route of hepatitis C virus transmission among alcohol-dependent individuals? Scand J Gastroenterol. 1993;28(8):714-8.  https://doi.org/10.3109/00365529309098279  PMID: 7692588 
  10. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). EMCDDA 2010 Selected Issue-Trends in Injecting Drug use in Europe European Union. Annual Report. Selected Issues/European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. EMCDDA: Lisbon; 2010. pp.22.
  11. Mazza C, Ravaggi A, Rodella A, Padula D, Duse M, Lomini M, et al. Prospective study of mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. J Med Virol. 1998;54(1):12-9.  https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199801)54:1<12::AID-JMV3>3.0.CO;2-S  PMID: 9443104 
  12. Mast EE, Hwang LY, Seto DS, Nolte FS, Nainan OV, Wurtzel H, et al. Risk factors for perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the natural history of HCV infection acquired in infancy. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(11):1880-9.  https://doi.org/10.1086/497701  PMID: 16267758 
  13. Mohd Hanafiah K, Groeger J, Flaxman AD, Wiersma ST. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence. Hepatology. 2013;57(4):1333-42.  https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26141  PMID: 23172780 
  14. Wei L, Lok AS. Impact of new hepatitis C treatments in different regions of the world. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(5):1145-1150.e 4.  PMID: 24662488 
  15. World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for the screening, care and treatment of persons with hepatitis C infection. Geneva: WHO; April 2014.
  16. Pawlotsky JM. New hepatitis C therapies: the toolbox, strategies, and challenges. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(5):1176-92.  https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.003  PMID: 24631495 
  17. Smith BD, Morgan RL, Beckett GA, Falck-Ytter Y, Holtzman D, Teo CG, et al. . Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945-1965. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2012;61(RR-4):1-32. PMID: 22895429 
  18. Hepatitis C Task ForceBoldt MD, Brill JV, Davis GL, Gordon SC, Kim AY, et al. Hepatitis C screening: summary of recommendations from the clinical decision tool. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(5):1146-9.  https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.007  PMID: 24139703 
  19. Gower E, Estes C, Blach S, Razavi-Shearer K, Razavi H. Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2014;61(1) Suppl;S45-57.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.027  PMID: 25086286 
  20. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Annual Epidemiological Report on Communicable Diseases in Europe 2008. Stockholm: ECDC; 2008. Available from: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/publications/0812_sur_annual_epidemiological_report_2008.pdf
  21. Cornberg M, Razavi HA, Alberti A, Bernasconi E, Buti M, Cooper C, et al. A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Europe, Canada and Israel. Liver Int. 2011;31(Suppl 2):30-60.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02539.x  PMID: 21651702 
  22. Esteban JI, Sauleda S, Quer J. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Europe. J Hepatol. 2008;48(1):148-62.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2007.07.033  PMID: 18022726 
  23. Meldunek roczny 1997 o zachorowaniach na choroby zakazne, zatruciach i zakazeniach szpitalnych zgłoszonych. [Annual report on the incidence of infectious diseases, poisonings and hospital infections reported in 1997]. Warsaw: National Institute of Hygiene, Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Department of Epidemiology and The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Department of Public Health; 1997. Polish. Available from: http://wwwold.pzh.gov.pl/oldpage/epimeld/1997/M_97_rok.pdf
  24. Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2015. Warsaw: National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene – Department of Epidemiology and Chief Sanitary Inspectorate – Department for Communicable Disease and Infection Prevention and Control; 2016. Available from: http://wwwold.pzh.gov.pl/oldpage/epimeld/2015/Ch_2015.pdf
  25. Narodowego Instytutu Zdrowia Publicznego - Państwowego Zakładu Higieny (NIPH-PZH). [Infectious diseases case definitions for the purpose of epidemiological surveillance]. Draft (3). Warszawa: Division of Epidemiology at NIPH-PZH; Jan 2014. Available from: http://wwwold.pzh.gov.pl/oldpage/epimeld/inne/Def_PL2_3.pdf
  26. Regulation of the Minister of Health of 20 September 2012 on the standards of medical management and procedures during provision of perinatal health care to women during physiological pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, and neonatal care. Journal of Laws. 2012; item 1100.
  27. Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2014. Warsaw: National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene – Department of Epidemiology and Chief Sanitary Inspectorate – Department for Communicable Disease and Infection Prevention and Control; 2015. page 97. Available from: http://wwwold.pzh.gov.pl/oldpage/epimeld/2014/Ch_2014.pdf
  28. Stepień M, Rosińska M. Badania rozpowszechnienia HCV w Polsce--gdzie jesteśmy? [Studies on HCV infection prevalence in Poland--where are we?]. Przegl Epidemiol. 2011;65(1):15-20. PMID: 21735830 
  29. Bielawski K, Wlasiuk M, Truskolawska M, Falkiewicz B. HCV infection in Poland. Arch Med Res. 2000;31(5):532-5.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0188-4409(00)00100-4  PMID: 11179591 
  30. Flisiak R, Halota W, Horban A, Juszczyk J, Pawlowska M, Simon K. Prevalence and risk factors of HCV infection in Poland. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;23(12):1213-7.  https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0b013e32834d173c  PMID: 22002000 
  31. Pszenny A, Hreńczuk M, Czerwiński J, Danielewicz R, Małkowski P. HBV and HCV infections among deceased organ donors in Poland. Probl Hig Epidemiol.2012;93(3):579-85.
  32. Chlabicz S, Bonifatiuk I, Radziwon P. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies among blood donors in north-eastern Poland. Hepatol Res. 2005;33(3):206-10.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hepres.2005.09.001  PMID: 16266823 
  33. Ganczak M, Korzeń M, Szych Z. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among surgical nurses, their patients and blood donation candidates in Poland. J Hosp Infect. 2012;82(4):266-70.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2012.08.021  PMID: 23110996 
  34. Zagożdżon P, Parszuto J, Raj A, Całus-Kania D, Korczak A, Ejsmont J. Czestość wystepowania i czynniki ryzyka zakazenia HCV wśród pracowników ochrony zdrowia w województwie pomorskim. [Prevalence and risk factors of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among health-care workers in Pomeranian voivodeship]. Przegl Epidemiol. 2009;63(1):39-43. PMID: 19522224 
  35. Ślusarczyk J, Małkowski P, Bobilewicz D, Juszczyk G. Cross-sectional, anonymous screening for asymptomatic HCV infection, immunity to HBV, and occult HBV infection among health care workers in Warsaw, Poland. Przegl Epidemiol. 2012;66(3):445-51. PMID: 23230715 
  36. Seyfried H, Brojer E, Grabarczyk P, Rosińska M, Gronowska A, Letowska M, Viral Study Group of Regional Blood Transfusion Centers. Analizaczestości wykrywania markerów zakazenia wirusem zapalenia watroby typu C (HCV) u polskich dawców krwi w latach 1994-2003. [Prevalence of hepatitis C virus markers in Polish blood donors in 1994-2003]. Przegl Epidemiol. 2005;59(4):807-14. PMID: 16729421 
  37. European Association for Study of Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2014;60(2):392-420.
  38. Esteban JI, van Helden J, Alborino F, Bürgisser P, Cellerai C, Pantaleo G, et al. Multicenter evaluation of the Elecsys® anti-HCV II assay for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol. 2013;85(8):1362-8.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.23536  PMID: 23765774 
  39. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Working age population (indicator). Paris: OECD; 2016. doi:  https://doi.org/10.1787/d339918b-en . [Accessed on 19 July 2016]. Available from: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/working-age-population/indicator/english_d339918b-en
  40. World Health Organization (WHO). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. Geneva: WHO; 2016. [Accessed 11 Jan 2017]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en
  41. Umemura T, Ichijo T, Yoshizawa K, Tanaka E, Kiyosawa K. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(19) Suppl 19;102-7.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-008-2251-0  PMID: 19148802 
  42. Meffre C, Le Strat Y, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Dubois F, Antona D, Lemasson JM, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in France in 2004: social factors are important predictors after adjusting for known risk factors. J Med Virol. 2010;82(4):546-55.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21734  PMID: 20166185 
  43. Bruggmann P, Berg T, Øvrehus AL, Moreno C, Brandão Mello CE, Roudot-Thoraval F, et al. Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries. J Viral Hepat. 2014;21(Suppl 1):5-33.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12247  PMID: 24713004 
  44. Cornberg M, Razavi HA, Alberti A, Bernasconi E, Buti M, Cooper C, et al. A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Europe, Canada and Israel. Liver Int. 2011;31(Suppl 2):30-60.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02539.x  PMID: 21651702 
  45. Aniszewska M, Kowalik-Mikołajewska B, Pokorska-Lis M, Kalinowska M, Cianciara J, Marczyrńska M. Czestość wystepowania przeciwciał anty-HCV u kobiet ciezarnych. Analiza czynników ryzyka zakazenia HCV. [Seroprevalence of anti-HCV in pregnant women. Risk factors of HCV infection]. Przegl Epidemiol. 2009;63(2):293-8. PMID: 19799264 
  46. Chief Sanitary Inspectorate (GIS). State sanitary condition in 2013. Warsaw: GIS; 2014.
  47. Panasiuk A, Flisiak R, Mozer-Lisewska I, Adamek A, Tyczyno M, Halota W, et al. Distribution of HCV genotypes in Poland. Przegl Epidemiol. 2013;67(1):11-6, 99-103. PMID: 23745369 
  48. European Commission. Commission Implementing Decision of 8 August 2012 amending Decision 2002/253/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document C(2012) 5538). Official Journal of the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 27.09.2012:L 262/1. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:2012:262:FULL&from=EN
  49. Flisiak R, Halota W, Tomasiewicz K, Kostrzewska K, Razavi HA, Gower EE. Forecasting the disease burden of chronic hepatitis C virus in Poland. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;27(1):70-6.  https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000000237  PMID: 25426979 
  50. Hartleb M, Gutkowski K, Zejda JE, Chudek J, Więcek A. Serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in the elderly population: Polish nationwide survey--PolSenior. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24(11):1288-95. PMID: 22864260 
  51. Sibley A, Han KH, Abourached A, Lesmana LA, Makara M, Jafri W, et al. The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus infections with today’s treatment paradigm - volume 3. J Viral Hepat. 2015;22(22) Suppl 4;21-41.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12476  PMID: 26513446 
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.2.30441
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error