1887
Rapid communication Open Access
Like 0

Abstract

Wild poliovirus type-2 has been eradicated, use of live type-2 vaccine has been terminated globally, and all type-2 polioviruses are under strict laboratory containment protocols. Re-emergence may arise from prolonged asymptomatic excretion of poliovirus by hospitalised primary immune deficient (PID) patients, as described here, through repeated exposure of close contacts to high titres of infected material. At this transition time, PID patients should be screened and hospital containment protocols updated in parallel with laboratory containment.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.47.30408
2016-11-24
2024-03-28
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.47.30408
Loading
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/21/47/eurosurv-21-30408-3.html?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.47.30408&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). Global eradication of wild poliovirus type 2 declared. GPEI; 2015.
  2. World Health Organization (WHO). World Health Assembly resolution: poliomyelitis. Geneva: WHO; 2015. Sixty-Eighth World Health Assembly, May 26, 2015. Resolution no. WHA 68.3.
  3. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Global Action Plan to minimize poliovirus facility-associated risk after type-specific eradication of wild polioviruses and sequential cessation of oral polio vaccine use (GAPIII). Geneva: WHO; 2015.
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Laboratory surveillance for wild poliovirus and vaccine-derived poliovirus, 2000-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51(17):369-71. PMID: 12018383 
  5. Shulman LM, Manor Y, Sofer D, Handsher R, Swartz T, Delpeyroux F, et al. Neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses in sewage from highly immune populations. PLoS One. 2006;1(1):e69.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000069  PMID: 17183700 
  6. Jorba J, Campagnoli R, De L, Kew O. Calibration of multiple poliovirus molecular clocks covering an extended evolutionary range. J Virol. 2008;82(9):4429-40.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02354-07  PMID: 18287242 
  7. Sutter RW, Cochi SL, Melnick JL. Live Attenuated Poliovirus Vaccines. In: Plotkin S, Orenstein WA, editors. Vaccines, Third Edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1999. p. 364-408.
  8. Li L, Ivanova O, Driss N, Tiongco-Recto M, da Silva R, Shahmahmoodi S, et al. Poliovirus excretion among persons with primary immune deficiency disorders: summary of a seven-country study series. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(Suppl 1):S368-72.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu065  PMID: 25316857 
  9. Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA. Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2005;59(1):587-635.  https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625  PMID: 16153180 
  10. Dunn G, Klapsa D, Wilton T, Stone L, Minor PD, Martin J. Twenty-Eight Years of Poliovirus Replication in an Immunodeficient Individual: Impact on the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. PLoS Pathog. 2015;11(8):e1005114.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005114  PMID: 26313548 
  11. Burns CC, Diop OM, Sutter RW, Kew OM. Vaccine-derived polioviruses. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(Suppl 1):S283-93.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu295  PMID: 25316847 
  12. Alexander JP, Ehresmann K, Seward J, Wax G, Harriman K, Fuller S, et al. , Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Investigations Group. Transmission of imported vaccine-derived poliovirus in an undervaccinated community in Minnesota. J Infect Dis. 2009;199(3):391-7.  https://doi.org/10.1086/596052  PMID: 19090774 
  13. Yang CF, Chen HY, Jorba J, Sun HC, Yang SJ, Lee HC, et al. Intratypic recombination among lineages of type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus emerging during chronic infection of an immunodeficient patient. J Virol. 2005;79(20):12623-34.  https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.20.12623-12634.2005  PMID: 16188964 
  14. Shulman LM, Mendelson E, Anis E, Bassal R, Gdalevich M, Hindiyeh M, et al. Laboratory challenges in response to silent introduction and sustained transmission of wild poliovirus type 1 in Israel during 2013. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(Suppl 1):S304-14.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu294  PMID: 25316849 
  15. Dowdle WR, Gary HE, Sanders R, van Loon AM. Can post-eradication laboratory containment of wild polioviruses be achieved? Bull World Health Organ. 2002;80(4):311-6. PMID: 12075368 
  16. Kaliner E, Kopel E, Anis E, Mendelson E, Moran-Gilad J, Shulman LM, et al. The Israeli public health response to wild poliovirus importation. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(10):1236-42.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00064-X  PMID: 26213249 
  17. Kalkowska DA, Duintjer Tebbens RJ, Grotto I, Shulman LM, Anis E, Wassilak SG, et al. Modeling options to manage type 1 wild poliovirus imported into Israel in 2013. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(11):1800-12.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu674  PMID: 25505296 
  18. Yaari R, Kaliner E, Grotto I, Katriel G, Moran-Gilad J, Sofer D, et al. , POG group. Modeling the spread of polio in an IPV-vaccinated population: lessons learned from the 2013 silent outbreak in southern Israel. BMC Med. 2016;14(1):95.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0637-z  PMID: 27334457 
  19. Guo J, Bolivar-Wagers S, Srinivas N, Holubar M, Maldonado Y. Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases: a systematic review and implications for polio eradication. Vaccine. 2015;33(10):1235-42.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.018  PMID: 25600519 
/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.47.30408
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Submit comment
Close
Comment moderation successfully completed
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error